2nd Edition
Ultrasonic Treatment of Light Alloy Melts
Spawned by growing interest in ultrasonic technology and new developments in ultrasonic melt processing, the Second Edition of Ultrasonic Treatment of Light Alloy Melts discusses use of ultrasonic melt treatment in direct-chill casting, shape casting, rapid solidification, zone refining, and more, exploring the effects of power ultrasound on melt degassing, filtration, and refinement in aluminum and magnesium alloys. The fully revised and restructured Second Edition:
- Contains new, in-depth coverage of composite and nanocomposite materials
- Provides a historical review of the last century of ultrasonic applications to metallurgy
- Emphasizes the fundamentals, mechanisms, and applications of ultrasonic melt processing in different light-metal technologies
- Features new chapters on ultrasonic grain refinement, refinement of primary solid phases, and semi-solid processing of billets with nondendritic structure
- Includes significant updates reflecting results obtained over the past two decades on different scales, from laboratory to full-scale industrial implementations
Complete with many new figures and examples, Ultrasonic Treatment of Light Alloy Melts, Second Edition delivers a comprehensive treatise on ultrasonic melt processing and cavitation, presenting essential guidelines for practical use and further development of the technology.
Preface
Authors
Historical Overview of Ultrasonic Applications to Metallurgy
References
Fundamentals of Ultrasonic Melt Processing
Dynamic Means of Melt Processing
Low-Frequency Vibrations and Ultrasound: Basic Equations
Propagation of Acoustic Waves in the Melt
Acoustic Cavitation in Liquid Metals
Cavitation Strength of Liquids
Cavity Dynamics
Cavitation Region in Liquids
Acoustic Flows
Experimental Studies of Cavitation in Liquid Metals
Sonoluminescence in Melts
Accelerated Mixing and Dissolution of Components in the Melt
References
Ultrasonic Degassing
Cavitation and Degassing Nuclei
Mechanism of Ultrasonic Degassing
Ultrasonic Degassing in a Stationary Volume
Ultrasonic Degassing in the Flow
References
Ultrasonic Filtration
Effect of Ultrasound on Surface Tension and Wetting
Sonocapillary Effect
Basics of Filtration
Mechanism of Ultrasonic Melt Filtration
Filtering through Multilayer Screen Filters: Usfirals
Process
References
Ultrasonic Grain Refinement
Mechanisms of Ultrasonic Grain Refinement
Activation of Substrates
Deagglomeration and Dispersion of Particles
Refinement of Nucleating Intermetallics
Dendrite Fragmentation
Nondendritic Solidification
Ultrasonic Melt Processing in the Mold
Ultrasonic Melt Processing in the Melt Flow
References
Refinement of Primary Particles
Formation of Primary Particles during Solidification
Effect of Ultrasound on Solidification of Intermetallic Compounds
Effect of Ultrasound on the Solidification of
Hypereutectic Al–Si Alloys
References
Ultrasonic Processing during Direct-Chill Casting of Light Alloys
Direct-Chill Casting of Aluminum Alloys
Ultrasonic Processing in the Sump of a Billet
Ultrasonic Melt Processing in the Launder
Direct-Chill Casting of Magnesium Alloys
Effect of Ultrasonic Degassing and Filtration on Structure and Properties of Wrought Products
Ultrasonic Degassing
Ultrasonic Filtration
Effect of Nondendritic Structure on Structure and Properties of Wrought Products
Aluminum Wrought Alloys
Magnesium Wrought Alloys
Effect of Nondendritic Grain Structure on Homogenization
References
Ultrasonic Melt Processing during Shape Casting of Light Alloys
Technological Approaches to Shape Casting with Ultrasonic Processing
Effects of Ultrasonic Processing on Solidification in Molds
Effect of Ultrasonic Processing on Structure and Properties of Shape Castings
References
Ultrasonic Processing of Composite and Immiscible Alloys
Ultrasound-Assisted Introduction of Nonmetallic Particles and Fibers to Liquid Metals
Mechanical Properties of Composite Materials Produced Using Ultrasonic Processing
Ultrasonic Processing of Immiscible Alloys and Metallic Emulsions
References
Rapid Ultrasonic Solidification of Aluminum Alloys
Basic Sonication Schemes for Rapid Solidification
Formation of Nondendritic Structure in Rapid Solidification
Mechanical Properties of Wrought Products from Nondendritic Granules
References
Zone Refining of Aluminum with Ultrasonic Melt Processing
Basics of Zone Refining
Ultrasonic Zone Refining of Aluminum
Mechanisms of Sonication Effects on Zone Refining
Structure and Characteristics of Deformed Acoustically Refined Aluminum
References
Semisolid Deformation of Billets with Nondendritic Structure
Introduction to Semisolid Deformation 291
Effect of Nondendritic Structure of Billets on Thixotropic Behavior of Aluminum Alloys
Rheological Parameters of Semisolid Alloys
Computer Simulation of Semisolid Forging
Semisolid Deformation of Casting Alloys with Nondendritic Grain Structure
Application of Ultrasonic Processing to Rheocasting
References
Ultrasonic Melt Processing: Practical Issues
Ultrasonic Equipment
Design of Waveguide and Sonotrode
Selection of Materials for Sonotrodes
Characterization of Ultrasonic Processing
References
Biography
Georgy I. Eskin, Dr. Sc, Ph.D, is a world-renowned specialist in the application of ultrasound in metals processing, specifically in degassing, filtration, and grain refinement during casting of aluminum and magnesium alloys. He holds over 100 patents in ultrasonic melt processing and has authored and co-authored more than 400 scientific papers and 10 monographs, reference books, and textbooks. A full member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, he has worked in industry as a research scientist, in the All-Russia Institute of Light Alloys as a senior and principal scientist, and in the Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys as a professor.
Dmitry G. Eskin, Ph.D, is a well-known specialist in light-metal processing. His main scientific contributions are to the processing of multicomponent alloys and to the formation of structure and defects during solidification of aluminum alloys. He is currently a professor in solidification research at Brunel University. He has authored and co-authored more than 180 scientific papers, 5 patents, and 5 monographs. Previously he worked in the Baikov Institute of Metallurgy (Russian Academy of Sciences) as a senior scientist and held various senior research positions with the Netherlands Institute for Metals Research, Materials innovation institute and Delft University of Technology.
"This book, written by two acknowledged experts in the field, presents the reader with a most extensive overview of the subject of ultrasonic processing of light-metal melts, from the basic fundamentals to practical applications."
—Joseph C. Benedyk, Light Metal Age"… an interesting and thorough review of an often-misunderstood field of art. … quite clear and easy to understand. … [The authors], as experts in this field, have not only covered the fundamentals and important aspects but also helped the reader appreciate the finer details with the data and examples presented. … The materials are well organized when approached from a cover-to-cover approach, yet also divided into chapters and sections which are succinct and stand alone for quick reference. … I found this book to be a thorough review of the fundamentals with the details needed to apply the concepts in many diverse fields and areas. … Georgy Eskin is the premier scientist and innovator in applied ultrasonic treatments in light metals. … This book is a must have in the library of any engineer or scientist who processes light metals today. While intended as a thorough review, I found the book to be a catalyzer of innovation."
—Bob Wagstaff, Novelis, Inc., Spokane, Washington, USA