1st Edition

Techniques in High Pressure Neutron Scattering

By Stefan Klotz Copyright 2013
    276 Pages 121 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    276 Pages 121 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    Drawing on the author’s practical work from the last 20 years, Techniques in High Pressure Neutron Scattering is one of the first books to gather recent methods that allow neutron scattering well beyond 10 GPa. The author shows how neutron scattering has to be adapted to the pressure range and type of measurement.

    Suitable for both newcomers and experienced high pressure scientists and engineers, the book describes various solutions spanning two to three orders of magnitude in pressure that have emerged in the past three decades. Many engineering concepts are illustrated through examples of real high pressure devices that have demonstrated their capacity and have produced scientific results.

    After introducing basic engineering concepts related to the elastic and plastic behavior of cylindrical pressure devices, the text emphasizes mechanical and neutronic properties of construction materials. Subsequent chapters describe numerous high pressure techniques, including liquid/gas, clamp, and McWhan cells. The book also focuses on Paris-Edinburgh devices, high pressure metrology, and scientific applications.

    Basic Concepts
    Basic elements of material strength
    The cylindrical pressure vessel

    Construction Materials I: Nonferrous Alloys
    Copper beryllium
    Titanium-zirconium (TiZr)
    High tensile titanium alloys
    High tensile aluminium alloys

    Construction Materials II: Steels and Super-Alloys
    General
    The iron-carbon phase diagram
    Other alloy elements
    Designation (naming) of steels
    High tensile steels
    Stainless steels
    Superalloys
    Hydrogen compatibility

    Construction Materials III: Sinter Materials
    Tungsten carbide (TC)
    Sintered cubic boron nitride (cBN)
    Sintered diamond (SD)
    Perspective: Nano-polycrystalline diamond (NPD)
    Ceramics

    Liquid/Gas and Clamp Pressure Cells
    Liquid/gas pressure cells
    Clamp cells

    McWhan-Type Cells
    General
    Conclusion

    Sapphire, Moissanite and Diamond Anvil Cells
    Sapphire cells
    Moissanite anvil cells (MACs)
    Diamond anvil cells (DACs)

    Special Designs
    SANS high pressure cells
    Single-crystal sapphire gas cells

    Uniaxial Pressure Cells
    General
    Clamp devices
    Remotely operated devices

    Paris-Edinburgh Cells I
    General
    Load-frames
    Anvils and gaskets
    General remarks and observations

    Paris-Edinburgh Cells II: Low and High Temperatures
    General
    Low temperatures
    High temperatures

    Paris-Edinburgh Cells III: Ancillary Equipment
    Oil and gas compressors
    Loading clamps
    High pressure gas loading
    Anvil rotor

    Pressure Determination and Pressure Transmitting Media
    Equations-of-state (EoS)
    Pressure markers
    Useful empirical rules
    Pressure transmitting media (PTM)
    General comments and recommendations

    Applications
    General
    Diffraction
    Inelastic scattering
    Small angle neutron scattering (SANS)
    Quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS)

    Appendices

    Bibliography

    Index

    Biography

    Stefan Klotz

    I was delighted when I learnt that Stefan Klotz was writing this book. He has an exceptional depth of knowledge and experience of high-pressure techniques, particularly as applied to neutron scattering, and it is to be greatly welcomed that he has drawn this all together and made it available. … After his 20 years at the centre of this field, there can be no one better placed to provide an authoritative and comprehensive account of state-of-the-art techniques for high-pressure neutron scattering, including all the major contemporary experimental techniques. Those who have benefited from his direct advice and assistance will know the high-level practical and intuitive skills he brings to bear on solving technical problems and advancing innovation. Throughout the book, he has included a large amount of the wealth of practical experience, working recipes and ‘rules of thumb’ that he has accumulated, working on his own research and with collaborators, but which has never before been gathered together and published in this accessible way.
    —From the Foreword by Richard Nelmes, University of Edinburgh