The Antarctic is unique, geographically, politically, and scientifically. It is the most remote, hostile, and dangerous continent, while at the same time it is the most pristine and least developed. Antarctica is the only major part of the Earth's landmass not directly governed by one nation, but under the control of a Treaty, with a multitude of acceding nations.
The Encyclopedia of the Antarctic brings together large quantities of information on the wide variety of factors, issues and individuals influencing and relating to the Antarctic. No comparable book currently exists for this region.
The Encyclopedia of the Antarctic discusses scientific activities and topics, but the 'human element' is also a significant part of the work, with entries on history, politics, legal issues, national research programs, scientific bases, historic huts, the United Nation's 'Question of Antarctica,' compliance with the Environmental Protocol, and tourism.
LIST OF ENTRIES
BIRDS
Albatross, Amsterdam
Albatross, Black Browed
Albatross, Grey-Headed
Albatross, Light Mantled Sooty
Albatross, Royal
Albatross, Sooty
Albatross, Wandering
Albatross, Yellow-Nosed
Albatrosses: Overview
Antarctic Important Bird Area Inventory
Birds: Diving Physiology
Birds: Specially Protected Species
Cormorants
Gull, Kelp
Introduced Species
Penguin, Adélie
Penguin, Chinstrap
Penguin, Crested
Penguin, Emperor
Penguin, Gentoo
Penguin, King
Penguin, Macaroni
Penguins: Overview
Petrel, Antarctic
Petrel, Cape
Petrel, Northern Giant
Petrel, Snow
Petrel, Southern Giant
Petrels: Pterodroma and Procellaria
Prion, Antarctic
Seabird Conservation
Seabird Populations and Trends
Seabirds at Sea
Shearwaters, Short-Tailed and Sooty
Sheathbills, Black-Faced and Pale-Faced
Skuas, Chilean
Skuas, South Polar
Skuas, Subantarctic
Skuas: Overview
Southern Fulmar
Storm Petrel, Wilson’s
Terns, Antarctic
Terns, Arctic
Terns, Kerguelen
Terns: Overview
Terrestrial Birds
Conservation and human impact
Accounts and Bibliographic Materials
Adventurers, Modern
Art, Antarctic
Books, Antarctic
Carbon Cycle
Cartography and Charting
Conservation
Diseases, Wildlife
Dry Valleys
Fiction and Poetry
Film
Fisheries and Management
Geopolitics of Antarctica
Journals, Academic
Music, Antarctic
Philately
Pollution
Tourism
Trophic Levels
Glaciology
Air Hydrates
Air-Borne Ice
Antarctic Peninsula, Glaciology
Atmospheric Gas Concentrations From Air Bubbles
CryoSat
Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf
Firn Compaction (Firnification)
Glacial Geology
Ice Ages
Ice Chemistry
Ice Sheet Mass Balance
Ice Sheet Modeling
Ice Sheet: Overview
Ice Shelves
Ice Streams and Glaciers
Ice-Atmosphere Interaction and Near Surface Processes
Ice-core Analysis and Dating Techniques
Ice-Rock Interface
ICESat
Isotopes in Ice
Lake Ellsworth
Lake Vostok
Lambert Glacier / Amery Ice Shelf
Larsen Ice Shelf
Mega-Dunes
Pollution Levels, Detection
Ross Ice Shelf
Snow Biogenic Processes
Snow Chemistry
Snow Post-Depositional Processes
Sub-Glacial Lakes
Surface Energy Balance and Surface Mass Balance
Surface Features
Thwaites and Pine Island Glacier Basins
Volcanic Events
Marine Mammals
Beaked Whales and Bottlenose Whales
Blue Whale
Crabeater Seal
Diving--Marine Mammals
Fin whale
Fur Seal, Antarctic
Fur Seal, Sub-Antarctic
Humpback Whale
International Whaling Commission (IWC)
Killer Whale
Leopard Seal
Minke Whale
Ross Seal
Seals: Overview
Sei Whale
Southern Elephant Seal
Southern Right Whale
Weddell Seal
Whales: Overview
Solar-terrestrial physics and astronomy
Astronomical Observations from Antarctica
Astronomy, Infrared
Aurora
Auroral Substorm
Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation
Cosmic Rays
Geomagnetic Field
Geospace, Observing from Antarctica
Ionosphere
Magnetic Storm
Magnetosphere of Earth
Magnetospheric Convection
Neutrino Astronomy
Plasmasphere
Radio Noise
Solar Wind
Space Weather
Submillimeter Astronomy
Sun-Earth Interactions
ULF Pulsations
Technology and transport
Aircraft Runways
Archaeology, Historic
Aviation
Base Technology: Architecture and Design
Base Technology: Building Services
Clothing
Communications
Field Camps
Health Care and Medicine
Ice Roads/Pavements
International Cooperation in Logistics
Living in a Cold Climate
Maritime Transport
Operational Environmental Management
Terrestrial Transport
Atmosphere and Climate
Atmospheric Boundary Layer
Biological Microclimates
Climate
Climate Change
Climate Modelling
Climate Oscillations
Clouds
Earth System, Antarctica as part of
Meteorological Observing
Ozone and the Polar Strastophere
Paleoclimatology
Polar Mesosphere
Precipitation
Synoptic-Scale Weather Systems: Fronts and Jets
Teleconnections
Temperature
Weather Forecasting
Weather Systems, Polar Lows and Mesoscale
Wind
Geography
Amsterdam Island (Ile Amsterdam)
Antarctic Peninsula
Antarctic: Definitions and Boundaries
Auckland Islands
Balleny Islands
Bouvetøya
Campbell Islands
Crozet Islands (Iles Crozet)
Deception Island
Gough Island
Heard and McDonald Islands
Kerguelen Islands (Iles Kerguelen)
King George Island
Macquarie Island
McDonald Islands
Oases
Peter I Øy
Place-names
Prince Edward Islands
Ross Island
South Georgia
South Orkney Islands
South Pole
South Sandwich Islands
South Shetland Islands
Southern Ocean
History, exploration, history of science
Amundsen, Roald
Australasian Antarctic Expedition (1911-14)
Belgian Antarctic (Belgica) Expedition (1897-99)
Bellingshausen, Fabian von
Biscoe, John
Borchgrevink, Carsten E.
Bouvet de Lozier, Jean-Baptiste
British Antarctic (Erebus and Terror) Expedition (1839-43)
British Antarctic (Nimrod) expedition (1907-09)
British Antarctic (Southern Cross) Expedition (1898-1900)
British Antarctic (Terra Nova) expedition (1910-13)
British Antarctic (Terra Nova) expedition, Northern Party
British Graham Land Expedition (1934-37)
British Imperial Expedition (1920-22)
British National Antarctic (Discovery) Expedition (1901-04)
British-Australia-New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition (BANZARE) (1929-31)
Bruce, William Speirs
Byrd, Richard E.
Challenger expedition (1872-76)
Chanticleer expedition (1828-31)
Charcot, Jean-Baptiste
Christensen Antarctic Expeditions (1927-37)
Christensen, Lars
Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition (1955-58)
Cook, James
Dallman, Eduard
David, T.W. Edgeworth
Davis, John King
De Gerlache de Gomery, Baron Adrien
Debenham, Frank
Diet (including scurvy)
Discovery Investigations (1925-51)
Dogs, Ponies, and Sledging in Expeditions
Drygalski, Erich von
Dumont d’Urville, Jules Sebastien Cesar
Dundee Whaling Expedition (1892-93)
Ellsworth, Lincoln
Enderby, Messrs
Exploration of the Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic: History
Falkland Islands and Dependencies: Aerial Survey Expeditions
Filchner, Wilhelm
Foyn, Svend
French Antarctic (Pourquoi Pas?) expedition (1908-10)
French Antarctic Expedition (1903-05)
French Naval (Astrolabe and Zélée) Expedition (1837-40)
Fuchs, Vivian Ernest
German Antarctic (Deutschland) Expedition (1911-12)
German Antarctic (Gauss) Expedition (1901-03)
German Antarctic (Schwabenland) expedition (1938-39)
Hanssen, Helmer
Hillary, Edmund
Hooker, Joseph Dalton
Imperial Trans-Antarctic (Endurance) Expedition (1914-17)
International Geophysical Year
International Polar Years
Japanese (Shirase) Antarctic Expedition (1910-12)
Kerguélen-Trémarec, Yves-Joseph de
Larsen, Carl Anton
Law, Phillip
Markham, Clements
Marr, J.W.S.
Mawson, Douglas
Nansen, Fridtjof
Neumayer, Georg von
Nordenskjöld, Nils Otto Gustaf
Norwegian (Fram) Expedition (1910-12)
Norwegian (Tønsberg) Whaling Expedition (1893-95)
Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition (1949-52)
Oates, Captain Lawrence Edward Grace
Palmer, Nathaniel Brown
Petermann, August
Photography in the Antarctic
Priestley, Raymond
Riiser-Larsen, Hjalmar
Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition (1947-48)
Ross Sea Party, Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition (1914-17)
Ross, James Clark
Royal Geographical Society and Antarctic Exploration
Royal Society and Antarctic Exploration and Science
Russian Naval (Vostok and Mirnyy) Expedition (1819-21)
Science: History of in Antarctic
Scott, Robert Falcon
Scottish National Antarctic Expedition (1902-04)
Sealing, History of
Shackleton, Ernest
Shackleton-Rowett Antarctic (Quest) Expedition (1921-22)
Shirase, Nobu
Siple, Paul
South Shetland Islands, Discovery of
Swedish (Antarctic) Expedition (1901-03)
Swedish (Antarctic) Expedition: Relief Expeditions
United States (Byrd) Antarctic Expedition (1928-30)
United States (Byrd) Antarctic Expedition (1933-35)
United States (Byrd) Antarctic Expedition, 1939-1940
United States Exploring Expedition (1838-42)
United States Navy Developments Projects (Operations Highjump and Windmill)
Weddell, James
Whaling, History of
Wild, Frank
Wilkes, Charles
Wilkins, George Hubert
Wilson, Edward Adrian
Wisting, Oscar
Women in the Antarctic
Wordie, James Mann
Worsley, Frank Arthur
Oceanography
Amundsen Sea: Oceanography
Antarctic Divergence
Bellingshausen Sea: Oceanography
Bottom Water: Antarctic
Circumpolar Current: Antarctic
Circumpolar Deep Water
Continental Shelves and Slopes
East Antarctic Continental Margin, Oceanography of
Eddies in the Southern Ocean
Gases: Dissolved Oxygen, Nutrients, CO2 and Others
Geochemical Water Mass Tracers
Icebergs
Intermediate Water
Oceanography Research Platforms and Sampling Equipment
Polar Front
Polynyas, Leads in the Southern Ocean
Ross Sea, Oceanography
Scotia Sea, Bransfield and Drake Passage, Oceanography
Southern Ocean Circulation, Modeling
Southern Ocean: Bathymetry
Southern Ocean: Biogeochemistry
Southern Ocean: Climate Change and Variability
Southern Ocean: Fronts and ‘Frontal Zones’
Southern Ocean: Regional Currents
Southern Ocean: Sediments and Paleoceanography
Southern Ocean: Vertical Structure
Surface Water
Thermohaline and Wind-Driven Circulations
Tides and Waves
Weddell Sea, Oceanography
Weddell, Ross and Other Polar Gyres
Sea Ice
Marginal Ice Zone
Pack Ice and Fast Ice
Remote Sensing
Sea Ice: Crystal Texture and Microstructure
Sea Ice: Microbial Communities and Primary Production
Sea Ice: Types and Formation
Sea Ice: Weather and Climate
Marine Biology
Benthic Communities
Biodiversity, Marine
Copepods
Deep Sea
Deep Spider Crabs
Echinoderms
Fish: Overview
Food Web, Marine
Gigantism
Growth
Ice Disturbance and Colonisation
Larvae
Marine Biology: History and Evolution
Marine Debris
Marine Invasions
Molluscs
Pelagic Communities
Phytoplankton
Polar Frontal Zone
Productivity and Biomass
Reproduction
Seaweeds
Squid
Toothfish
Zooplankton and Krill
Geology
Antarctic Peninsula, Geology of
Beacon Supergroup
Bransfield Strait and South Shetland Islands, Geology of
Coal, Oil, and Gas
Drake Passage, Opening of
East Antarctic Shield
Ferrar Supergroup
Fossils, Invertebrate
Fossils, Plant
Fossils, Vertebrate
Geological Evolution and Structure of Antarctica
Gondwana
Islands of the Scotia Ridge, Geology of
Marie Byrd Land, Geology of
Marine Geology
McMurdo Volcanic Group
Meteorites
Mineralization
Mountains, Transantarctic: Geology
Neotectonics
Plate tectonics
Rodinia
Shackleton Range
Sub-Antarctic Islands, Geology of
Victoria Land, Geology of
Volcanoes
Weddell Sea Region, Plate Tectonic Evolution of
West Antarctic Rift System
Terrestrial biology and limnology
Adaptation and Evolution
Aerobiology
Algae
Algal Mats
Anhydrobiosis
Biodiversity, Terrestrial
Biogeochemistry, Terrestrial
Biogeography
Bioindicators
Climate Change Biology
Cold Hardiness
Colonization
Cryoconite Communities
Cryptoendolithic Communities
Decomposition
Desiccation Tolerance
Dry Valleys, Biology of
Ecosystem Functioning
Ecotoxicology
Exobiology
Flowering Plants
Food Web, Freshwater
Fungi
Gene Flow
Heated Ground
Insects
Lichens
Liverworts
Microbiology
Mosses
Nematodes
Oases, Biology of
Parasitic Insects: Lice and Fleas
Parasitic Insects: Mites and Ticks
Polar Desert
Protozoa
Restoration: Sub-Antarctic Islands
Rotifers
Seasonality
Soils
Springtails
Streams and Lakes
Tardigrades
Vegetation
Research Programs/International Organizations, ATS
Albatross and Petrels, Agreement for the Conservation of
Alfred Wegener Institute, Germany
Amundsen-Scott Station
ANARE/ Australian Antarctic Division
Antarctic Seals, Convention for the Conservation of
Antarctic Treaty System
Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, Russia
Argentina: Antarctic Program
Australia: Antarctic Program
Belgium: Antarctic Program
Brazil: Antarctic Program
British Antarctic Survey
Bulgaria: Antarctic Program
Canada: Antarctic Program
Chile: Antarctic Institute
China: Antarctic Program
Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora: Agreed Measures
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES)
Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR)
Convention on the Regulation of Antarctic Mineral Resource Activities (CRAMRA)
Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programmes (COMNAP)
Finland: Antarctic Program
France: Antarctic Program
France: Institut Polaire Français Paul-Emile Victor (IPEV) and Terres Australes et Antartiques Françaises (TAAF)
Germany: Antarctic Program
Global Ocean Monitoring Programs in the Southern Ocean
Greenpeace
India: Antarctic Program
International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL)
International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP)
Italy: Antarctic Program
Japan: Antarctic Program
McMurdo Station
National Antarctic Programs
National Institute for Polar Research, Japan
Netherlands: Antarctic Program
New Zealand: Antarctic Program
Norway: Antarctic Program
Office of Polar Programs, National Science Foundation, USA
Pakistan, Czech Republic, Malaysia, Estonia: Antarctic Programs
Poland: Antarctic Program
Protected Areas within the Antarctic Treaty Area
Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty
Russia: Antarctic Program
Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR)
Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR)
Scott Polar Research Institute, UK
South Africa: Antarctic Program
South Korea: Antarctic Program
Southern Ocean Coalition
Spain: Antarctic Program
Ukraine: Antarctic Program
United Kingdom: Antarctic Program
United Nations
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)
United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP)
United States: Antarctic Program
Vostok Station
World Climate Research Programme
World Conservation Union (IUCN)
World Meteorological Organization
Biography
Beau Riffenburgh
'The Encyclopedia of the Antarctic is a work of high academic distinction. It demands the rigorous attention of historians, scientists and environmentalists alike.' - Reference Reviews
"The first authoritative reference point for the Antarctic and provides the reader with a comprehensive range of subjects all laid out clearly and with excellent cross-referencing." - Antarctic Science