1312 Pages
    by Routledge

    The Antarctic is unique, geographically, politically, and scientifically. It is the most remote, hostile, and dangerous continent, while at the same time it is the most pristine and least developed. Antarctica is the only major part of the Earth's landmass not directly governed by one nation, but under the control of a Treaty, with a multitude of acceding nations.

    The Encyclopedia of the Antarctic brings together large quantities of information on the wide variety of factors, issues and individuals influencing and relating to the Antarctic. No comparable book currently exists for this region.

    The Encyclopedia of the Antarctic discusses scientific activities and topics, but the 'human element' is also a significant part of the work, with entries on history, politics, legal issues, national research programs, scientific bases, historic huts, the United Nation's 'Question of Antarctica,' compliance with the Environmental Protocol, and tourism.

    LIST OF ENTRIES

    BIRDS

    Albatross, Amsterdam

    Albatross, Black Browed

    Albatross, Grey-Headed

    Albatross, Light Mantled Sooty

    Albatross, Royal

    Albatross, Sooty

    Albatross, Wandering

    Albatross, Yellow-Nosed

    Albatrosses: Overview

    Antarctic Important Bird Area Inventory

    Birds: Diving Physiology

    Birds: Specially Protected Species

    Cormorants

    Gull, Kelp

    Introduced Species

    Penguin, Adélie

    Penguin, Chinstrap

    Penguin, Crested

    Penguin, Emperor

    Penguin, Gentoo

    Penguin, King

    Penguin, Macaroni

    Penguins: Overview

    Petrel, Antarctic

    Petrel, Cape

    Petrel, Northern Giant

    Petrel, Snow

    Petrel, Southern Giant

    Petrels: Pterodroma and Procellaria

    Prion, Antarctic

    Seabird Conservation

    Seabird Populations and Trends

    Seabirds at Sea

    Shearwaters, Short-Tailed and Sooty

    Sheathbills, Black-Faced and Pale-Faced

    Skuas, Chilean

    Skuas, South Polar

    Skuas, Subantarctic

    Skuas: Overview

    Southern Fulmar

    Storm Petrel, Wilson’s

    Terns, Antarctic

    Terns, Arctic

    Terns, Kerguelen

    Terns: Overview

    Terrestrial Birds

    Conservation and human impact

    Accounts and Bibliographic Materials

    Adventurers, Modern

    Art, Antarctic

    Books, Antarctic

    Carbon Cycle

    Cartography and Charting

    Conservation

    Diseases, Wildlife

    Dry Valleys

    Fiction and Poetry

    Film

    Fisheries and Management

    Geopolitics of Antarctica

    Journals, Academic

    Music, Antarctic

    Philately

    Pollution

    Tourism

    Trophic Levels

    Glaciology

    Air Hydrates

    Air-Borne Ice

    Antarctic Peninsula, Glaciology

    Atmospheric Gas Concentrations From Air Bubbles

    CryoSat

    Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf

    Firn Compaction (Firnification)

    Glacial Geology

    Ice Ages

    Ice Chemistry

    Ice Sheet Mass Balance

    Ice Sheet Modeling

    Ice Sheet: Overview

    Ice Shelves

    Ice Streams and Glaciers

    Ice-Atmosphere Interaction and Near Surface Processes

    Ice-core Analysis and Dating Techniques

    Ice-Rock Interface

    ICESat

    Isotopes in Ice

    Lake Ellsworth

    Lake Vostok

    Lambert Glacier / Amery Ice Shelf

    Larsen Ice Shelf

    Mega-Dunes

    Pollution Levels, Detection

    Ross Ice Shelf

    Snow Biogenic Processes

    Snow Chemistry

    Snow Post-Depositional Processes

    Sub-Glacial Lakes

    Surface Energy Balance and Surface Mass Balance

    Surface Features

    Thwaites and Pine Island Glacier Basins

    Volcanic Events

     

    Marine Mammals

    Beaked Whales and Bottlenose Whales

    Blue Whale

    Crabeater Seal

    Diving--Marine Mammals

    Fin whale

    Fur Seal, Antarctic

    Fur Seal, Sub-Antarctic

    Humpback Whale

    International Whaling Commission (IWC)

    Killer Whale

    Leopard Seal

    Minke Whale

    Ross Seal

    Seals: Overview

    Sei Whale

    Southern Elephant Seal

    Southern Right Whale

    Weddell Seal

    Whales: Overview

     

    Solar-terrestrial physics and astronomy

    Astronomical Observations from Antarctica

    Astronomy, Infrared

    Aurora

    Auroral Substorm

    Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation

    Cosmic Rays

    Geomagnetic Field

    Geospace, Observing from Antarctica

    Ionosphere

    Magnetic Storm

    Magnetosphere of Earth

    Magnetospheric Convection

    Neutrino Astronomy

    Plasmasphere

    Radio Noise

    Solar Wind

    Space Weather

    Submillimeter Astronomy

    Sun-Earth Interactions

    ULF Pulsations

     

    Technology and transport

    Aircraft Runways

    Archaeology, Historic

    Aviation

    Base Technology: Architecture and Design

    Base Technology: Building Services

    Clothing

    Communications

    Field Camps

    Health Care and Medicine

    Ice Roads/Pavements

    International Cooperation in Logistics

    Living in a Cold Climate

    Maritime Transport

    Operational Environmental Management

    Terrestrial Transport

    Atmosphere and Climate

    Atmospheric Boundary Layer

    Biological Microclimates

    Climate

    Climate Change

    Climate Modelling

    Climate Oscillations

    Clouds

    Earth System, Antarctica as part of

    Meteorological Observing

    Ozone and the Polar Strastophere

    Paleoclimatology

    Polar Mesosphere

    Precipitation

    Synoptic-Scale Weather Systems: Fronts and Jets

    Teleconnections

    Temperature

    Weather Forecasting

    Weather Systems, Polar Lows and Mesoscale

    Wind

    Geography

    Amsterdam Island (Ile Amsterdam)

    Antarctic Peninsula

    Antarctic: Definitions and Boundaries

    Auckland Islands

    Balleny Islands

    Bouvetøya

    Campbell Islands

    Crozet Islands (Iles Crozet)

    Deception Island

    Gough Island

    Heard and McDonald Islands

    Kerguelen Islands (Iles Kerguelen)

    King George Island

    Macquarie Island

    McDonald Islands

    Oases

    Peter I Øy

    Place-names

    Prince Edward Islands

    Ross Island

    South Georgia

    South Orkney Islands

    South Pole

    South Sandwich Islands

    South Shetland Islands

    Southern Ocean

     

    History, exploration, history of science

    Amundsen, Roald

    Australasian Antarctic Expedition (1911-14)

    Belgian Antarctic (Belgica) Expedition (1897-99)

    Bellingshausen, Fabian von

    Biscoe, John

    Borchgrevink, Carsten E.

    Bouvet de Lozier, Jean-Baptiste

    British Antarctic (Erebus and Terror) Expedition (1839-43)

    British Antarctic (Nimrod) expedition (1907-09)

    British Antarctic (Southern Cross) Expedition (1898-1900)

    British Antarctic (Terra Nova) expedition (1910-13)

    British Antarctic (Terra Nova) expedition, Northern Party

    British Graham Land Expedition (1934-37)

    British Imperial Expedition (1920-22)

    British National Antarctic (Discovery) Expedition (1901-04)

    British-Australia-New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition (BANZARE) (1929-31)

    Bruce, William Speirs

    Byrd, Richard E.

    Challenger expedition (1872-76)

    Chanticleer expedition (1828-31)

    Charcot, Jean-Baptiste

    Christensen Antarctic Expeditions (1927-37)

    Christensen, Lars

    Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition (1955-58)

    Cook, James

    Dallman, Eduard

    David, T.W. Edgeworth

    Davis, John King

    De Gerlache de Gomery, Baron Adrien

    Debenham, Frank

    Diet (including scurvy)

    Discovery Investigations (1925-51)

    Dogs, Ponies, and Sledging in Expeditions

    Drygalski, Erich von

    Dumont d’Urville, Jules Sebastien Cesar

    Dundee Whaling Expedition (1892-93)

    Ellsworth, Lincoln

    Enderby, Messrs

    Exploration of the Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic: History

    Falkland Islands and Dependencies: Aerial Survey Expeditions

    Filchner, Wilhelm

    Foyn, Svend

    French Antarctic (Pourquoi Pas?) expedition (1908-10)

    French Antarctic Expedition (1903-05)

    French Naval (Astrolabe and Zélée) Expedition (1837-40)

    Fuchs, Vivian Ernest

    German Antarctic (Deutschland) Expedition (1911-12)

    German Antarctic (Gauss) Expedition (1901-03)

    German Antarctic (Schwabenland) expedition (1938-39)

    Hanssen, Helmer

    Hillary, Edmund

    Hooker, Joseph Dalton

    Imperial Trans-Antarctic (Endurance) Expedition (1914-17)

    International Geophysical Year

    International Polar Years

    Japanese (Shirase) Antarctic Expedition (1910-12)

    Kerguélen-Trémarec, Yves-Joseph de

    Larsen, Carl Anton

    Law, Phillip

    Markham, Clements

    Marr, J.W.S.

    Mawson, Douglas

    Nansen, Fridtjof

    Neumayer, Georg von

    Nordenskjöld, Nils Otto Gustaf

    Norwegian (Fram) Expedition (1910-12)

    Norwegian (Tønsberg) Whaling Expedition (1893-95)

    Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition (1949-52)

    Oates, Captain Lawrence Edward Grace

    Palmer, Nathaniel Brown

    Petermann, August

    Photography in the Antarctic

    Priestley, Raymond

    Riiser-Larsen, Hjalmar

    Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition (1947-48)

    Ross Sea Party, Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition (1914-17)

    Ross, James Clark

    Royal Geographical Society and Antarctic Exploration

    Royal Society and Antarctic Exploration and Science

    Russian Naval (Vostok and Mirnyy) Expedition (1819-21)

    Science: History of in Antarctic

    Scott, Robert Falcon

    Scottish National Antarctic Expedition (1902-04)

    Sealing, History of

    Shackleton, Ernest

    Shackleton-Rowett Antarctic (Quest) Expedition (1921-22)

    Shirase, Nobu

    Siple, Paul

    South Shetland Islands, Discovery of

    Swedish (Antarctic) Expedition (1901-03)

    Swedish (Antarctic) Expedition: Relief Expeditions

    United States (Byrd) Antarctic Expedition (1928-30)

    United States (Byrd) Antarctic Expedition (1933-35)

    United States (Byrd) Antarctic Expedition, 1939-1940

    United States Exploring Expedition (1838-42)

    United States Navy Developments Projects (Operations Highjump and Windmill)

    Weddell, James

    Whaling, History of

    Wild, Frank

    Wilkes, Charles

    Wilkins, George Hubert

    Wilson, Edward Adrian

    Wisting, Oscar

    Women in the Antarctic

    Wordie, James Mann

    Worsley, Frank Arthur

    Oceanography

    Amundsen Sea: Oceanography

    Antarctic Divergence

    Bellingshausen Sea: Oceanography

    Bottom Water: Antarctic

    Circumpolar Current: Antarctic

    Circumpolar Deep Water

    Continental Shelves and Slopes

    East Antarctic Continental Margin, Oceanography of

    Eddies in the Southern Ocean

    Gases: Dissolved Oxygen, Nutrients, CO2 and Others

    Geochemical Water Mass Tracers

    Icebergs

    Intermediate Water

    Oceanography Research Platforms and Sampling Equipment

    Polar Front

    Polynyas, Leads in the Southern Ocean

    Ross Sea, Oceanography

    Scotia Sea, Bransfield and Drake Passage, Oceanography

    Southern Ocean Circulation, Modeling

    Southern Ocean: Bathymetry

    Southern Ocean: Biogeochemistry

    Southern Ocean: Climate Change and Variability

    Southern Ocean: Fronts and ‘Frontal Zones’

    Southern Ocean: Regional Currents

    Southern Ocean: Sediments and Paleoceanography

    Southern Ocean: Vertical Structure

    Surface Water

    Thermohaline and Wind-Driven Circulations

    Tides and Waves

    Weddell Sea, Oceanography

    Weddell, Ross and Other Polar Gyres

     

    Sea Ice

    Marginal Ice Zone

    Pack Ice and Fast Ice

    Remote Sensing

    Sea Ice: Crystal Texture and Microstructure

    Sea Ice: Microbial Communities and Primary Production

    Sea Ice: Types and Formation

    Sea Ice: Weather and Climate

    Marine Biology

    Benthic Communities

    Biodiversity, Marine

    Copepods

    Deep Sea

    Deep Spider Crabs

    Echinoderms

    Fish: Overview

    Food Web, Marine

    Gigantism

    Growth

    Ice Disturbance and Colonisation

    Larvae

    Marine Biology: History and Evolution

    Marine Debris

    Marine Invasions

    Molluscs

    Pelagic Communities

    Phytoplankton

    Polar Frontal Zone

    Productivity and Biomass

    Reproduction

    Seaweeds

    Squid

    Toothfish

    Zooplankton and Krill

    Geology

    Antarctic Peninsula, Geology of

    Beacon Supergroup

    Bransfield Strait and South Shetland Islands, Geology of

    Coal, Oil, and Gas

    Drake Passage, Opening of

    East Antarctic Shield

    Ferrar Supergroup

    Fossils, Invertebrate

    Fossils, Plant

    Fossils, Vertebrate

    Geological Evolution and Structure of Antarctica

    Gondwana

    Islands of the Scotia Ridge, Geology of

    Marie Byrd Land, Geology of

    Marine Geology

    McMurdo Volcanic Group

    Meteorites

    Mineralization

    Mountains, Transantarctic: Geology

    Neotectonics

    Plate tectonics

    Rodinia

    Shackleton Range

    Sub-Antarctic Islands, Geology of

    Victoria Land, Geology of

    Volcanoes

    Weddell Sea Region, Plate Tectonic Evolution of

    West Antarctic Rift System

    Terrestrial biology and limnology

    Adaptation and Evolution

    Aerobiology

    Algae

    Algal Mats

    Anhydrobiosis

    Biodiversity, Terrestrial

    Biogeochemistry, Terrestrial

    Biogeography

    Bioindicators

    Climate Change Biology

    Cold Hardiness

    Colonization

    Cryoconite Communities

    Cryptoendolithic Communities

    Decomposition

    Desiccation Tolerance

    Dry Valleys, Biology of

    Ecosystem Functioning

    Ecotoxicology

    Exobiology

    Flowering Plants

    Food Web, Freshwater

    Fungi

    Gene Flow

    Heated Ground

    Insects

    Lichens

    Liverworts

    Microbiology

    Mosses

    Nematodes

    Oases, Biology of

    Parasitic Insects: Lice and Fleas

    Parasitic Insects: Mites and Ticks

    Polar Desert

    Protozoa

    Restoration: Sub-Antarctic Islands

    Rotifers

    Seasonality

    Soils

    Springtails

    Streams and Lakes

    Tardigrades

    Vegetation

    Research Programs/International Organizations, ATS

    Albatross and Petrels, Agreement for the Conservation of

    Alfred Wegener Institute, Germany

    Amundsen-Scott Station

    ANARE/ Australian Antarctic Division

    Antarctic Seals, Convention for the Conservation of

    Antarctic Treaty System

    Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, Russia

    Argentina: Antarctic Program

    Australia: Antarctic Program

    Belgium: Antarctic Program

    Brazil: Antarctic Program

    British Antarctic Survey

    Bulgaria: Antarctic Program

    Canada: Antarctic Program

    Chile: Antarctic Institute

    China: Antarctic Program

    Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora: Agreed Measures

    Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES)

    Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR)

    Convention on the Regulation of Antarctic Mineral Resource Activities (CRAMRA)

    Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programmes (COMNAP)

    Finland: Antarctic Program

    France: Antarctic Program

    France: Institut Polaire Français Paul-Emile Victor (IPEV) and Terres Australes et Antartiques Françaises (TAAF)

    Germany: Antarctic Program

    Global Ocean Monitoring Programs in the Southern Ocean

    Greenpeace

    India: Antarctic Program

    International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL)

    International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP)

    Italy: Antarctic Program

    Japan: Antarctic Program

    McMurdo Station

    National Antarctic Programs

    National Institute for Polar Research, Japan

    Netherlands: Antarctic Program

    New Zealand: Antarctic Program

    Norway: Antarctic Program

    Office of Polar Programs, National Science Foundation, USA

    Pakistan, Czech Republic, Malaysia, Estonia: Antarctic Programs

    Poland: Antarctic Program

    Protected Areas within the Antarctic Treaty Area

    Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty

    Russia: Antarctic Program

    Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR)

    Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR)

    Scott Polar Research Institute, UK

    South Africa: Antarctic Program

    South Korea: Antarctic Program

    Southern Ocean Coalition

    Spain: Antarctic Program

    Ukraine: Antarctic Program

    United Kingdom: Antarctic Program

    United Nations

    United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)

    United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP)

    United States: Antarctic Program

    Vostok Station

    World Climate Research Programme

    World Conservation Union (IUCN)

    World Meteorological Organization

    Biography

    Beau Riffenburgh

    'The Encyclopedia of the Antarctic is a work of high academic distinction. It demands the rigorous attention of historians, scientists and environmentalists alike.' - Reference Reviews

     

    "The first authoritative reference point for the Antarctic and provides the reader with a comprehensive range of subjects all laid out clearly and with excellent cross-referencing." - Antarctic Science