The book addresses the challenges faced by women on the two shores of the Mediterranean from a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary perspective. While in the European Union’s (EU) Mediterranean countries inequality is mostly linked to the social sphere and, in particular refers to labour market dynamics, in the Middle East and Northern Africa (MENA) area, the situation is more complicated as the social and private spheres are blended and cultural and religious factors have a great impact on women autonomy and opportunities beyond the family perimeter. The different challenges women are facing on the two sides of the Mediterranean have sometimes originated incomprehension and misperceptions. Western-supported policies devoted to fill the gap between men and women in the MENA area have overlooked countries’ peculiarities simply exporting models tailored for EU’s member states. The EU’s attempts to strengthen relations with the Mediterranean countries on a multilevel basis have not rescued women from marginalisation. Nevertheless, during the 2011 awakening, women played an important role in activating civil society. They are still considered as a key part of the fight against terrorism and radicalisation, although in some countries their condition has worsened after secular regimes have been downturned. The number of migrant women has increased and, not differently from men, they are looking for opportunities and better conditions of life while Western media tend to present them in a stereotyped way either as traumatized victim and/or as caring mother. There are other misleading common places, which need to be better conceptualised and understood, such as the alleged incompatibility between Islam and women rights. Unfortunately, women’s rights are still under attack even in European countries where they are considered consolidated.
The chapters in this book were originally published in a special issue of the Journal of the Balkans and Near Eastern Studies.
Introduction: Women in the Mediterranean: Still Discriminated Against?
Leila Simona Talani and Serena Giusti
1. Islamic Feminism(s) in the Mediterranean Area: a Hermeneutical Approach
Barbara Henry
2. Gender, Identity and Belonging: New Citizenships beyond Orientalism
Alessia Belli and Anna Loretoni
3. Women, Globalization and Civil Society in the MENA Area: Between Marginalization and Radicalization
Leila Simona Talani
4. Gender Mainstreaming towards the Mediterranean: the Case of the ENP
Serena Giusti
5. Representations of Gendered Mobility and the Tragic Border Regime in the Mediterranean
Heidrun Friese
6. Back to Basics: Stateless Women and Children in Greece
Mariangela Veikou
7. The Conflict between Education and Female Labour in Turkey: Understanding Turkey’s Non-compliance with the U-shape Hypothesis
Miray Erinc
Biography
Leila Simona Talani is Professor of International Political Economy in the department of European and International Studies, King's College London, UK, since 2014. In 2017 she was awarded a visiting Professorship at the Kennedy School of Government of the University of Harvard, USA. She was also appointed as Jean Monnet Chair of European Political Economy by the European Commission in 2012.
Serena Giusti is Assistant Professor of International Relations and Foreign Policy Analysis at Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy, where she coordinates the Research Group on Eastern Europe, Russia and Eurasia. She is a Senior Research Fellow, Eastern Europe and Russia Programme, at the Italian Institute for International Political Studies (ISPI) in Milan, Italy. She is member of the OSCE Reflection Group on European Security – Challenges at the Societal Level and of Women in International Security-Italy. She has extensively published (articles and volumes) on the accession of Central and Eastern European countries to the European Union (EU), on European security and defence policy, on the EU’s neighbourhood policy.
