2nd Edition

Ultrasonic Treatment of Light Alloy Melts

By Georgy I. Eskin, Dmitry G. Eskin Copyright 2015
    346 Pages 278 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    346 Pages 278 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    Spawned by growing interest in ultrasonic technology and new developments in ultrasonic melt processing, the Second Edition of Ultrasonic Treatment of Light Alloy Melts discusses use of ultrasonic melt treatment in direct-chill casting, shape casting, rapid solidification, zone refining, and more, exploring the effects of power ultrasound on melt degassing, filtration, and refinement in aluminum and magnesium alloys. The fully revised and restructured Second Edition:

    • Contains new, in-depth coverage of composite and nanocomposite materials
    • Provides a historical review of the last century of ultrasonic applications to metallurgy
    • Emphasizes the fundamentals, mechanisms, and applications of ultrasonic melt processing in different light-metal technologies
    • Features new chapters on ultrasonic grain refinement, refinement of primary solid phases, and semi-solid processing of billets with nondendritic structure
    • Includes significant updates reflecting results obtained over the past two decades on different scales, from laboratory to full-scale industrial implementations

    Complete with many new figures and examples, Ultrasonic Treatment of Light Alloy Melts, Second Edition delivers a comprehensive treatise on ultrasonic melt processing and cavitation, presenting essential guidelines for practical use and further development of the technology.

    Preface

    Authors

    Historical Overview of Ultrasonic Applications to Metallurgy

    References

    Fundamentals of Ultrasonic Melt Processing

    Dynamic Means of Melt Processing

    Low-Frequency Vibrations and Ultrasound: Basic Equations

    Propagation of Acoustic Waves in the Melt

    Acoustic Cavitation in Liquid Metals

    Cavitation Strength of Liquids

    Cavity Dynamics

    Cavitation Region in Liquids

    Acoustic Flows

    Experimental Studies of Cavitation in Liquid Metals

    Sonoluminescence in Melts

    Accelerated Mixing and Dissolution of Components in the Melt

    References

    Ultrasonic Degassing

    Cavitation and Degassing Nuclei

    Mechanism of Ultrasonic Degassing

    Ultrasonic Degassing in a Stationary Volume

    Ultrasonic Degassing in the Flow

    References

    Ultrasonic Filtration

    Effect of Ultrasound on Surface Tension and Wetting

    Sonocapillary Effect

    Basics of Filtration

    Mechanism of Ultrasonic Melt Filtration

    Filtering through Multilayer Screen Filters: Usfirals

    Process

    References

    Ultrasonic Grain Refinement

    Mechanisms of Ultrasonic Grain Refinement

    Activation of Substrates

    Deagglomeration and Dispersion of Particles

    Refinement of Nucleating Intermetallics

    Dendrite Fragmentation

    Nondendritic Solidification

    Ultrasonic Melt Processing in the Mold

    Ultrasonic Melt Processing in the Melt Flow

    References

    Refinement of Primary Particles

    Formation of Primary Particles during Solidification

    Effect of Ultrasound on Solidification of Intermetallic Compounds

    Effect of Ultrasound on the Solidification of

    Hypereutectic Al–Si Alloys

    References

    Ultrasonic Processing during Direct-Chill Casting of Light Alloys

    Direct-Chill Casting of Aluminum Alloys

    Ultrasonic Processing in the Sump of a Billet

    Ultrasonic Melt Processing in the Launder

    Direct-Chill Casting of Magnesium Alloys

    Effect of Ultrasonic Degassing and Filtration on Structure and Properties of Wrought Products

    Ultrasonic Degassing

    Ultrasonic Filtration

    Effect of Nondendritic Structure on Structure and Properties of Wrought Products

    Aluminum Wrought Alloys

    Magnesium Wrought Alloys

    Effect of Nondendritic Grain Structure on Homogenization

    References

    Ultrasonic Melt Processing during Shape Casting of Light Alloys

    Technological Approaches to Shape Casting with Ultrasonic Processing

    Effects of Ultrasonic Processing on Solidification in Molds

    Effect of Ultrasonic Processing on Structure and Properties of Shape Castings

    References

    Ultrasonic Processing of Composite and Immiscible Alloys

    Ultrasound-Assisted Introduction of Nonmetallic Particles and Fibers to Liquid Metals

    Mechanical Properties of Composite Materials Produced Using Ultrasonic Processing

    Ultrasonic Processing of Immiscible Alloys and Metallic Emulsions

    References

    Rapid Ultrasonic Solidification of Aluminum Alloys

    Basic Sonication Schemes for Rapid Solidification

    Formation of Nondendritic Structure in Rapid Solidification

    Mechanical Properties of Wrought Products from Nondendritic Granules

    References

    Zone Refining of Aluminum with Ultrasonic Melt Processing

    Basics of Zone Refining

    Ultrasonic Zone Refining of Aluminum

    Mechanisms of Sonication Effects on Zone Refining

    Structure and Characteristics of Deformed Acoustically Refined Aluminum

    References

    Semisolid Deformation of Billets with Nondendritic Structure

    Introduction to Semisolid Deformation 291

    Effect of Nondendritic Structure of Billets on Thixotropic Behavior of Aluminum Alloys

    Rheological Parameters of Semisolid Alloys

    Computer Simulation of Semisolid Forging

    Semisolid Deformation of Casting Alloys with Nondendritic Grain Structure

    Application of Ultrasonic Processing to Rheocasting

    References

    Ultrasonic Melt Processing: Practical Issues

    Ultrasonic Equipment

    Design of Waveguide and Sonotrode

    Selection of Materials for Sonotrodes

    Characterization of Ultrasonic Processing

    References

    Biography

    Georgy I. Eskin, Dr. Sc, Ph.D, is a world-renowned specialist in the application of ultrasound in metals processing, specifically in degassing, filtration, and grain refinement during casting of aluminum and magnesium alloys. He holds over 100 patents in ultrasonic melt processing and has authored and co-authored more than 400 scientific papers and 10 monographs, reference books, and textbooks. A full member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, he has worked in industry as a research scientist, in the All-Russia Institute of Light Alloys as a senior and principal scientist, and in the Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys as a professor.

    Dmitry G. Eskin, Ph.D, is a well-known specialist in light-metal processing. His main scientific contributions are to the processing of multicomponent alloys and to the formation of structure and defects during solidification of aluminum alloys. He is currently a professor in solidification research at Brunel University. He has authored and co-authored more than 180 scientific papers, 5 patents, and 5 monographs. Previously he worked in the Baikov Institute of Metallurgy (Russian Academy of Sciences) as a senior scientist and held various senior research positions with the Netherlands Institute for Metals Research, Materials innovation institute and Delft University of Technology.

    "This book, written by two acknowledged experts in the field, presents the reader with a most extensive overview of the subject of ultrasonic processing of light-metal melts, from the basic fundamentals to practical applications."
    —Joseph C. Benedyk, Light Metal Age

    "… an interesting and thorough review of an often-misunderstood field of art. … quite clear and easy to understand. … [The authors], as experts in this field, have not only covered the fundamentals and important aspects but also helped the reader appreciate the finer details with the data and examples presented. … The materials are well organized when approached from a cover-to-cover approach, yet also divided into chapters and sections which are succinct and stand alone for quick reference. … I found this book to be a thorough review of the fundamentals with the details needed to apply the concepts in many diverse fields and areas. … Georgy Eskin is the premier scientist and innovator in applied ultrasonic treatments in light metals. … This book is a must have in the library of any engineer or scientist who processes light metals today. While intended as a thorough review, I found the book to be a catalyzer of innovation."
    —Bob Wagstaff, Novelis, Inc., Spokane, Washington, USA