Time-Triggered Communication helps readers build an understanding of the conceptual foundation, operation, and application of time-triggered communication, which is widely used for embedded systems in a diverse range of industries. This book assembles contributions from experts that examine the differences and commonalities of the most significant protocols including: TTP, FlexRay, TTEthernet, SAFEbus, TTCAN, and LIN.
Covering the spectrum, from low-cost time-triggered fieldbus networks to ultra-reliable time-triggered networks used for safety-critical applications, the authors illustrate the inherent benefits of time-triggered communication in terms of predictability, complexity management, fault-tolerance, and analytical dependability modeling, which are key aspects of safety-critical systems. Examples covered include FlexRay in cars, TTP in railway and avionic systems, and TTEthernet in aerospace applications. Illustrating key concepts based on real-world industrial applications, this book:
- Details the underlying concepts and principles of time-triggered communication
- Explores the properties of a time-triggered communication system, contrasting its strengths and weaknesses
- Focuses on the core algorithms applied in many systems, including those used for clock synchronization, startup, membership, and fault isolation
- Describes the protocols that incorporate presented algorithms
- Covers tooling requirements and solutions for system integration, including scheduling
The information in this book is extremely useful to industry leaders who design and manufacture products with distributed embedded systems based on time-triggered communication. It also benefits suppliers of embedded components or development tools used in this area. As an educational tool, this material can be used to teach students and working professionals in areas including embedded systems, computer networks, system architectures, dependability, real-time systems, and automotive, avionics, and industrial control systems.
Introduction, R. Obermaisser
Scope of the Book
Structure of the Book
Basic Concepts and Principles of Time-Triggered Communication, R. Obermaisser and H. Kopetz
System Structure
Concepts of Dependability
Global Time and State
Autonomous Control of Communication Networks
Properties of Time-Triggered Communication Systems, R. Obermaisser and H. Kopetz
Composability
Determinism and Predictability
Diagnosability
Certifiability
Fault Containment and Error Containment
Performance
Core Algorithms, M. Paulitsch, W. Steiner, R. Obermaisser, and C. El Salloum
Clock Synchronization
Startup and Restart
Integration of Event-Triggered and Time-Triggered Communication
Diagnostic Services
Time-Triggered Protocol (TTP/C), R. Obermaisser
Protocol Overview
Protocol Services
Protocol Parameterization
Communication Interface
Protocol States
Validation and Verification Efforts
Example Configurations and Implementations
FlexRay, C. El Salloum and K. Bilic
Protocol Overview
Protocol Services
Diagnostic Services and Fault Isolation
Protocol Parameterization
Controller Host Interface
Example Configurations and Implementations
SAFEbus, M. Paulitsch and K.R. Driscoll
SAFEbus
Protocol Overview
Protocol Services
Communication Interface
Validation and Verification Efforts
Example Configurations and Implementations
Time-Triggered Ethernet, W. Steiner, G. Bauer, B. Hall, and M. Paulitsch
Protocol Overview
Protocol Services
Protocol Parameterization
Communication Interface
Validation and Verification Efforts
Example Configurations and Implementations
TTCAN, R. Kammerer
Protocol Overview
Protocol Services
Protocol Parameterization
Communication Interface
Validation and Verification Efforts
Example Configurations and Implementations
LIN, W. Elmenreich
Protocol Overview
Protocol Services
LIN 2.x
Communication Interface
Validation and Verification Efforts
Example Configurations and Implementations
TTP/A, W. Elmenreich
Protocol Overview
OMG Smart Transducer Standard
Interface File System (IFS)
Protocol Services
Communication Interface
Validation and Verification Efforts
Example Configurations and Implementations
BRAIN, M. Paulitsch, B. Hall, and K.R. Driscoll
Protocol Overview
Protocol Mechanisms and Services
Fault Isolation
Diagnostic and Agreement Services
Validation and Verification Efforts
Example Configurations, Implementations and Deployment Considerations
ASCB – Avionics Standard Communications Bus, M. Paulitsch
Protocol Overview
Protocol Services
Protocol Parameterization
Communication Interface
Validation and Verification Efforts
Example Configurations and Implementations
Industrial Applications, M. Paulitsch, E. Schmidt, C. Scherrer, and H. Kantz
Time-Triggered Communication in Aerospace
Time-Triggered Communication in Automotive Applications
Time-Triggered Communication Services in Railway Applications
Development Tools, P. Pop, A. Goller, T. Pop, and P. Eles
Design Tasks
Schedule Generation
Holistic Scheduling and Optimization
Incremental Design
Integration of Time-Triggered Communication with Event-Triggered
Tasks
Configuration and Code Generation
Verification
Biography
Roman Obermaisser is project manager and docent at the Institute for Computer Engineering, Real-Time Systems Group at Vienna University of Technology.
"It is an excellent companion for those who seek to learn more about time-triggered communication or found themselves involved in the conception of time-triggered base solutions and the development of the arising technologies."
—Richard Zurawski, IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine, December 2011
