3rd Edition

The Chemistry and Technology of Coal

By James G. Speight Copyright 2013
    845 Pages 344 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    848 Pages 344 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    The demand for coal use (for electricity generation) and coal products, particularly liquid fuels and chemical feedstocks, is increasing throughout the world. Traditional markets such as North America and Europe are experiencing a steady increase in demand whereas emerging Asian markets, such as India and China, are witnessing a rapid surge in demand for clean liquid fuels.

    A detailed and comprehensive overview of the chemistry and technology of coal in the twenty-first century, The Chemistry and Technology of Coal, Third Edition also covers the relationship of coal industry processes with environmental regulations as well as the effects of combustion products on the atmosphere.

    Maintaining and enhancing the clarity of presentation that made the previous editions so popular, this book:

    • Examines the effects of combustion products on the atmosphere
    • Details practical elements of coal evaluation procedures
    • Clarifies misconceptions concerning the organic structure of coal
    • Discusses the physical, thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties of coal
    • Analyzes the development and current status of combustion and gasification techniques

    In addition to two new chapters, Coal Use and the Environment and Coal and Energy Security, much of the material in this edition been rewritten to incorporate the latest developments in the coal industry. Citations from review articles, patents, other books, and technical articles with substantial introductory material are incorporated into the text for further reference.

    The Chemistry and Technology of Coal, Third Edition maintains its initial premise: to introduce the science of coal, beginning with its formation in the ground to the production of a wide variety of products and petrochemical intermediates in the twenty-first century. The book will prove useful for scientists and engineers already engaged in the coal and/or catalyst manufacturing industry looking for a general overview or update on the clean coal technology as well as professional researchers and students in chemistry and engineering.

    Part I Character and Properties
    Occurrence and Resources
    Introduction
    History
    Rock Environment
    Seam Structure
    Reserves
    Resources
    References

    Classification
    Introduction
    Classification Systems
    Correlation of the Various Systems
    Epilogue
    References

    An Organic Sediment
    Introduction
    Precursors of Coal
    Coal-Forming Processes
    Heteroatoms in Coal
    Epilogue
    References

    An Organic Rock
    Introduction
    Physical Structure
    Petrology
    Petrography
    Petrology, Petrography, and Behavior
    References

    Recovery
    Introduction
    Exploratory Drilling Equipment and Techniques
    Mining
    References

    Preparation, Transportation, and Storage
    Introduction
    Coal Preparation
    Size Reduction
    Coal Cleaning
    Coal Drying
    Desulfurization
    Coal Sampling
    Transportation
    Storage
    References

    Mineral Matter
    Introduction
    Origin of Mineral Matter in Coal
    Occurrence
    Mineral Types
    Classification
    Evaluation of Mineral Matter
    Chemistry of Ash Formation
    Effect of Mineral Matter in Coal
    References

    Coal Analysis
    Introduction
    Sampling
    Proximate Analysis
    Ultimate Analysis (Elemental Analysis)
    Calorific Value
    Reporting Coal Analyses
    Precision and Accuracy
    Interrelationships of Analytical and Physical Data
    References

    Coal Properties
    Introduction
    Physical Properties
    Mechanical Properties
    Thermal Properties
    Electrical Properties
    Epilogue
    References

    Organic Constituents
    Introduction
    Solvent Extraction
    Chemical Methods
    Spectroscopic Methods
    Physical Property Methods
    Heteroatoms
    Molecular Weight
    Assessment of Coal Structure
    References

    Solvent Extraction
    Introduction
    Physicochemical Concepts
    Action of Specific Solvents
    Composition of the Extracts
    Solvolysis
    Solvent Swelling of Coal
    Epilogue
    References

    Chemical Reactivity
    Introduction
    Reactions with Oxygen (or Air)
    Reactions with Oxidants
    Bacterial Oxidation of Coal
    Hydrogenation
    Halogenation
    Alkylation
    Depolymerization
    Hydrolysis
    Miscellaneous Reactions
    References

    Thermal Reactivity
    Introduction
    Thermal Decomposition Processes
    Physicochemical Aspects
    Thermal Decomposition Products
    References

    Part II Technology and Utilization
    Combustion
    Introduction
    Chemistry and Physics
    Combustion Systems
    Coal–Liquid Mixtures
    Coal Combustion Products
    References

    Electric Power Generation
    Introduction
    Electricity from Coal
    Steam Generation
    Power Plant Waste
    Coal–Water Fuels
    Air Pollution Control Devices
    Carbon Capture and Storage Technologies
    References

    Carbonization
    Introduction
    Physicochemical Aspects
    Process Concepts
    Coal Tar
    Coke
    Charcoal
    References

    Briquetting and Pelletizing
    Introduction
    General Concepts
    Briquetting Technology
    Charcoal Briquettes
    Bio-Briquettes
    Briquette Properties
    Processes
    Pelletizing
    References

    Liquefaction
    Introduction
    Physicochemical Aspects
    Process Classification
    Reactors
    Products
    References

    Liquefaction Processes
    Introduction
    Pyrolysis Processes
    Solvent Extraction Processes
    Catalytic Liquefaction Processes
    Indirect Liquefaction Processes
    Coal Liquids Refinery
    References

    Gasification
    Introduction
    Gaseous Products
    Physicochemical Aspects
    Process Types and Reactors
    Gasification of Coal with Biomass and Waste
    Underground Gasification
    Environmental Aspects
    References

    Gasification Processes
    Introduction
    Fixed-Bed Processes
    Fluidized-Bed Processes
    Entrained-Bed Processes
    Molten Salt Processes
    Underground Gasification
    References

    Clean Coal Technologies
    Introduction
    Historical Perspectives
    Modern Perspectives
    Clean Coal Technology
    Managing Wastes from Coal Use
    Carbon Dioxide Capture and Sequestration
    References

    Gas Cleaning
    Introduction
    Environmental Legislation
    General Aspects
    Particulate Matter Removal
    Acid Gas Removal
    Removal of Sulfur-Containing Gases
    Removal of Nitrogen-Containing Gases
    References

    Chemicals from Coal
    Historical Aspects
    Coal Tar Chemicals
    Fischer–Tropsch Chemicals
    Chemicals from Methane
    References

    Environmental Aspects of Coal Use
    Introduction
    Production
    Preparation
    Transportation and Storage
    Combustion
    Carbonization
    Liquefaction
    Gasification
    Clean Coal Technologies
    References

    Coal and Energy Security
    Introduction
    Energy Security
    National Energy Plan and Coal Utilization
    Electric Power Generation
    Hydrogen from Coal
    Energy Security and Sustainable Development
    References

    Glossary

    Index

    Biography

    Dr. James G. Speight is a senior fuel and environmental consultant with more than 45 years of experience in thermal/process chemistry, thermodynamics, refining of petroleum, heavy oil, and tar sand bitumen, and physics of crude with emphasis on distillation, visbreaking, coking units, and oil-rock or oil catalyst interactions. He earned B.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Manchester, England. He is the author of more than 45 books in petroleum science, petroleum engineering, and environmental sciences and has considerable expertise in evaluating new technologies for patentability and commercial application.
    Although his career was focused predominantly in the commercial world, Dr. Speight has served as Adjunct Professor in the Department of Chemical and Fuels Engineering at the University of Utah and in the Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Petroleum Engineering at the University of Wyoming. In addition he was a Visiting Professor in Chemical Engineering at the following universities: the University of Missouri-Columbia, the Technical University of Denmark, and the University of Trinidad and Tobago.
    He is recognized internationally as an expert in the characterization, properties, and processing of conventional and synthetic fuels and as a chemist with more than Speight is currently Editor-in-Chief for the Journal of Petroleum Science and Technology (Taylor & Francis Publishers), Energy Sources-Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects (Taylor & Francis Publishers), Energy Sources-Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy (Taylor & Francis Publishers), and Journal of Sustainable Energy Engineering (Scrivener publishing).
    As a result of his work, he was awarded the Diploma of Honor, National Petroleum Engineering Society, for outstanding contributions to the petroleum industry in 1995 and the Gold Medal of Russian Academy of Sciences (Natural) for outstanding work in the area of petroleum science in 1996. He has also received the Specialist Invitation Program Speakers Award from NEDO (New Energy Development Organization, Government of Japan) in 1987 and again in 1996 for his contributions to coal research. In 2001, he was also awarded the Einstein Medal of the Russian Academy of Sciences in recognition of outstanding contributions and service in the field of geologic sciences. In 2005 he has been awarded the Gold Medal-Scientists without Frontiers, Russian Academy of Sciences in recognition of continuous encouragement of scientists to work together across international borders. More recently (2012) he was awarded a Doctorate in Petroleum Engineering from Dubna University (Moscow, Russia) for his outstanding contributions in the field of petroleum engineering.