1st Edition

Surface Activity of Petroleum Derived Lubricants

By Lilianna Z. Pillon Copyright 2011
    362 Pages
    by CRC Press

    362 Pages
    by CRC Press

    Hundreds of lubricant additives are available industry-wide to improve base stock properties and protect metal surfaces; however, the wrong combination of these commodities can result in substandard performance. Surface Activity of Petroleum Derived Lubricants explains how surface activity is affected by several factors: the interfacial properties of lube oil base stocks at oil/surface interfaces, lubricant solvency properties, additive interactions, and variations in temperature. The book provides an understanding of these factors that will influence proper selection of base stocks and additives necessary for resisting foaming and air entrainment, inhibiting rust and corrosion, preventing wear, and controlling emulsification and demulsification.

    Using 300 tables to provide experimental data from books, journals, and the patent literature, this practical and comprehensive reference examines:

    • the refining of lube oil base stocks
    • the chemistry of additives
    • the formulation technology of lubricants
    • the performance of the most important finished products such as turbine oils, hydraulic fluids, and engine oils

    Insight into these variables enables petroleum chemists and engineers to choose the right lubricant base stock and additive combination. By becoming aware of these important elements, those in industry are better able to make the right choices, leading to reduced costs, improved performance, and better management of production timelines.

    Conventional Refining of Crude Oils

    Properties and Composition of Crude Oils

    Properties and Composition of Petroleum Fractions

    Solvent Refining of Lube Oils

    Processing of Cylinder Oils and Bright Stocks

    Composition of Wax Products

    Nonconventional Processing of Base Stocks

    Hydrofinishing and Hydrotreatment

    Hydrorefining of White Oils

    Hydrocracking Process

    Catalytic Dewaxing

    Hydroisomerization of Slack Wax

    Low Temperature Fluidity of Base Stocks

    Effect of Isomerization and Esterification on Melting Points of Molecules

    Effect of Crude Oils and Dewaxing on Pour Points of Base Stocks

    Brookfield Viscosity and CCS Viscosity of Base Stocks

    Use of Pour Point Depressants and VI Improvers

    Processing Effect

    Oxidation Stability of Base Stocks

    Oxidation By-Products

    Effect of Hydroprocessing

    Performance of Antioxidants in Different Base Stocks

    Antioxidants Synergism

    Interfacial Properties of Base Stocks

    Foaming

    Air Entrainment

    Stability of Oil/Water Interface

    Metal Surface Protection

    Lubricant Formulation

    Industrial and Automotive Lubricants

    Base Stock Selection

    Use of Synthetic Fluids

    Additive Selection

    Use of Surfactants

    Effects of Additives on Surface Activity of Turbine Oils

    Base Stock and Additive Performance Requirements

    Foam Inhibition and Air Entrainment

    Rust Prevention and Demulsibility

    Effect of Demulsifier on Foaming

    Oxidation Resistance

    Effects of Base Stocks on Surface Activity of Hydraulic Oils

    Base Stock and Additive Performance Requirements

    Solvency Effect of Naphthenic Oils

    Wear Prevention and Oxidation Resistance of Paraffinic Oils

    Performance of Synthetic Fluids

    Use of Biodegradable Oils

    Surface Activity of Engine Oils

    Base Stock and Additive Performance Requirements

    Pour Point Depression

    High Temperature Foaming

    Air Entrainment

    Oxidation Resistance and Wear

    Additive Interactions

    Rust Inhibitors Synergism

    "Thickening" Effect of VI Improvers

    Formulation of Industrial Gear Oils

    Oxidation Resistance and Surface Activity of Food-Grade Lubricants

    Additive Antagonism and Incompatibility

    Scope and Limits of Lubricant Testing

    Fresh Oil Testing of Industrial Oils

    Properties of Used Turbine Oils

    Fresh Oil Testing of Engine Oils

    Water Contamination

    Lubricant Storage

    Lubricant Life

    Colloidal Stability

    Low Temperature Stability

    Hot Temperature Stability

    Biography

    Lilianna Z. Pillon received her MSc in chemistry from the University of Lodz, Poland, and her PhD from the University of Windsor, Canada. She was awarded a National Research Council (NRC) of Canada Postdoctoral Fellowship and studied polymer blends at the NRC Industrial Materials Research Institute in Boucherville, Quebec. She joined Polysar Ltd., Latex R&D Division, where she developed an interest in polymer emulsions and chemical interactions. She also worked for Imperial Oil, Research Department, where she developed an expertise in the base stock processing and quality followed by work in the industrial oil group and the engine oil group. She was awarded patents related to the interfacial properties of lube oil base stocks and the use of surface active additives. She is the author of the book Interfacial Properties of Petroleum Products published by CRC Press in 2007.