1st Edition

Structure Preserving Energy Functions in Power Systems Theory and Applications

By K.R. Padiyar Copyright 2013
    380 Pages 148 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    380 Pages 148 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    A guide for software development of the dynamic security assessment and control of power systems, Structure Preserving Energy Functions in Power Systems: Theory and Applications takes an approach that is more general than previous works on Transient Energy Functions defined using Reduced Network Models. A comprehensive presentation of theory and applications, this book:

    • Describes the analytics of monitoring and predicting dynamic security and emergency control through the illustration of theory and applications of energy functions defined on structure preserving models
    • Covers different facets of dynamic analysis of large bulk power systems such as system stability evaluation, dynamic security assessment, and control, among others
    • Supports illustration of SPEFs using examples and case studies, including descriptions of applications in real-time monitoring, adaptive protection, and emergency control
    • Presents a novel network analogy based on accurate generator models that enables an accurate, yet simplified approach to computing total energy as the aggregate of energy in individual components

    The book presents analytical tools for online detection of loss of synchronism and suggests adaptive system protection. It covers the design of effective linear damping controllers using FACTS, for damping small oscillations during normal operation to prevent transition to emergency states, and emergency control based on FACTS, to improve first swing stability and also provide rapid damping of nonlinear oscillations that threaten system security during major disturbances. The author includes detection and control algorithms derived from theoretical considerations and illustrated through several examples and case studies on text systems.

    Introduction
    General
    Power System Stability
    Power System Security
    Monitoring and Enhancing System Security
    Emergency Control and System Protection
    Applications of Energy Functions
    Scope of the Book

    Review of Direct Methods for Transient Stability Evaluation for Systems With Simplified Models
    Introduction
    System Model
    Mathematical Preliminaries
    Liapunov Functions for Direct Stability Evaluation
    Energy Functions for Multimachine Systems
    Estimation of Stability Domain
    Extended Equal Area Criterion

    Structure Preserving Energy Functions for Systems with Nonlinear Load Models and Generator Flux Decay
    Introduction
    A Structure Preserving Model
    Inclusion of Voltage Dependent Power Loads
    SPEF with Voltage Dependent Load Models
    Case Studies on IEEE Test Systems
    Solution of System Equations During a Transient
    Non-Iterative Solution of Networks with Nonlinear Loads
    Inclusion of Transmission Losses in Energy Function
    SPEF for Systems with Generator Flux Decay
    A Network Analogy for System Stability Analysis

    Structure Preserving Energy Functions for Systems with Detailed Generator and Load Models
    Introduction
    System Model
    Structure-Preserving Energy Function with Detailed Generator Models
    Numerical Examples
    Modeling of Dynamic Loads
    New Results on SPEF Based on Network Analogy
    Unstable Modes and Parametric Resonance

    Structure Preserving Energy Functions for Systems with HVDC and FACTS Controllers
    Introduction
    HVDC Power Transmission Links
    Static Var Compensators
    Static Synchronous Compensator(STATCOM)
    Series Connected FACTS Controllers
    Potential Energy in a Line with Series FACTS Controller
    Unified Power Flow Controller

    Detection of Instability Based on Identification of Critical Cutsets
    Introduction
    Basic Concepts
    Prediction of the Critical Cutset
    Detection of Instability by Monitoring the Critical Cutset
    Algorithm for Identification of Critical Cutset
    Prediction of Instability
    Case Studies
    Study of a Practical System
    Adaptive System Protection

    Sensitivity Analysis for Dynamic Security and Preventive Control Using Damping Controllers
    Introduction
    Basic Concepts in Sensitivity Analysis
    Dynamic Security Assessment Based on Energy Margin
    Energy Margin Sensitivity
    Trajectory Sensitivity
    Energy Function Based Design of Damping Controllers
    Damping Controllers for UPFC

    Application of FACTS Controllers for Emergency Control – I
    Introduction
    Basic Concepts
    Switched Series Compensation
    Control Strategy for a Two Machine System
    Comparative Study of TCSC and SSSC
    Discrete Control of STATCOM
    Discrete Control of UPFC
    Improvement of Transient Stability by Static Phase Shifting Transformer
    Emergency Control Measures

    Application of FACTS Controllers for Emergency Control – II
    Introduction
    Discrete Control Strategy
    Case Study I—Application of TCSC
    Case Study II—Application of UPFC
    Discussion and Directions for Further Research

    Appendices
    Synchronous generator Model
    Boundary of Stability Region: Theoretical Results
    Network Solution for Stability Analysis
    Data on the Ten Generator Test System

    Biography

    Prof. K.R. Padiyar is with Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore since 1987, where he is presently an Emeritus Professor in the department of Electrical Engineering. Previously he was with Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur from 1976 to 1987 where he became a Professor in 1980. He obtained B.E. degree from Poona University in 1962, M.E. degree form Indian Institute of Science in 1964 and PhD degree from University of Waterloo, Canada in 1972.

    Prof. Padiyar is an internationally recognized expert in the areas of HVDC and FACTS, Power System Stability and Control. He has authored over 200 papers and five books including "HVDC Power Transmission Systems", "Power System Dynamics", "Analysis of Subsynchronous Resonance in Power Systems "and recently, "FACTS Controllers in Power Transmission and Distribution". He is a Fellow of Indian National Academy of Engineering and Life Senior Member of IEEE. He was awarded the Dept. of Power Prize twice by Institution of Engineers (India). He is the recipient of 1999 Prof. Rustom Choksi Award for Excellence in Research for Science/Engineering. He was ABB Chair Professor during 2001-03.

    He has published several papers on the subject of power system stability, Structure Preserving Energy Functions(SPEF) and their applications. Some of these are listed below.

    "The main strength of the book seems to be its entirety. …. One really has a feeling that there's everything one may need from this field. As the subject of energy functions is not always easy to understand, it is also important that the theoretical considerations are supported by examples and case studies. … The book represents the state of the art in the field of structure preserving energy functions for power systems."
    —Rafael Mihalic, Full Professor, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    "This book is an excellent reference for the power system community, as it provides thorough coverage of technical aspects such as power system stability, security, direct methods for transient stability, and the application of HVDC and FACTS for stability improvements."
    —Dr. Ram Adapa, Technical Leader, EPRI, Palo Alto, California, USA