Smart Structures: Innovative Systems for Seismic Response Control

Summary

An innovative concept, smart structural systems have proven to be extremely effective in absorbing damaging energy and/or counteracting potentially devastating force, thus limiting structural collapse and subsequent injury. As this technology rapidly evolves, there is an ever-increasing need for an authoritative reference that will allow those in the field to stay abreast of the very latest advances.

Smart Structures: Innovative Systems for Seismic Response organizes current research and technology to provide researchers and practicing engineers, as well as advanced students, with the means to learn about and apply the very latest smart structure innovations. Key features include—

Complete mathematical formulations and numerical procedures for topics presented

New technologies

Design guidelines and examples based on current official codes

Consideration of smart structures on a variety of foundations

Discussion of the use of smart structures with passive or semi-active devices

Extensive references

Designed for self-teaching, the text emphasizes essential information on structural formulations, mechanism of control systems, and numerical algorithms. It also provides step-by-step numerical examples to illustrate mathematical formulations and interpret physical representations, enabling readers to understand the forumulae vis-à-vis their applications. Each chapter comprehensively explores a specific topic, from smart structure systems currently in use, to case studies utilizing simulated earthquake data.

Table of Contents

Preface Acknowledgements
About the Authors
Basic Concept of Smart Structure Systems
Introduction
Basic Principles of Smart Structure Technology for Seismic Response Control
History of Smart Structure Technology for Seismic Response Control
Base Isolation Systems
Passive Energy Dissipation Systems
Semi-Active Damper Systems
Active Control Systems
Hybrid Control Systems
Base Isolation Systems
Basic Concepts of Seismically Isolated Building Structures
Base Isolator Mechanical Characteristics and Computer Modeling Techniques
Code Requirements for Design of Seismically Isolated Structures
Dynamic Analysis Procedure
Design Examples
Testing Verification and Determination of Isolator Properties
Damping Systems
Basic Concepts of Building Structures with Damping Systems
Analysis Procedures and Code Requirements
Design Examples
Testing Verification and Determination of Damping Device Properties
Smart Seismic Structures Using Active Control Systems
Analytical Model of Smart Seismic Structures with Active Control
Classical Optimal Control Algorithms for Smart Seismic Structures
Development of Active Control Algorithms for Seismic Smart Structures
Concluding Remarks
Smart Seismic Structures Using Semiactive and Hybrid Control Systems
Dynamic Model of Control Devices for Semiactive and Hybrid Systems
Dynamic Model of Smart Seismic Structures with Semiactive or Hybrid Control
Control Strategy and System Stability
Effectiveness of HDABC System for Seismic Response Control
Implementation of Hybrid Control for Smart Seismic Structures
Sensing and Data Acquisition Systems for Smart Seismic Structures
Common Sensors for Smart Seismic Structures
Sensing, Data Acquisition, and Digital Control Systems
Seismic Observer Technique
Optimal Device Placement for Smart Seismic Structures
Introduction
Optimal Actuator Placement for Smart Seismic Structures with Active Control
Statistical Method for Optimal Device Placement of Smart Seismic Structures
Summary
Active Control Considering Soil-Structure Interaction
Motion Equation of Actively Controlled Structure with Soil-Structure Interaction
State Equation of SSI—Model and Solution Technique
Generalized Optimal Active Control Algorithm for the SSI System
Soil Properties and Wave Equations
Stiffness Coefficients of Horizontal Layer and Half Plane
Dynamic-Stiffness Matrices of Ground System
Numerical Illustrations
Computer Solutions for Building Structures with and without Control
Summary and Concluding Remarks
Hybrid Control of Structures on Shallow Foundation with Existing and Generated Earthquakes
Introduction
Structural Formulation with HDABC
State Space Formulation of HDABC Systems with and without SSI
Numerical Examples Using MATLAB
Extreme Value Distribution
Ground Motion Generation
Case Studies Using Generated Earthquakes
Concluding Remarks
Appendix A: MATLAB
Appendix B: Green’s Function
Appendix C: Element Stiffness and Mass Coefficients