1st Edition

Shipboard Electrical Power Systems

By Mukund R. Patel Copyright 2012
    370 Pages 184 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    Shipboard Electrical Power Systems addresses new developments in this growing field. Focused on the trend toward electrification to power commercial shipping, naval, and passenger vessels, this book helps new or experienced engineers master cutting-edge methods for power system design, control, protection, and economic use of power.

    Provides Basic Transferable Skills for Managing Electrical Power on Ships or on Land

    This groundbreaking book is the first volume of its kind to illustrate optimization of all aspects of shipboard electrical power systems. Applying author Mukund Patel’s rare combination of industrial and educational work experiences and insight, it offers solutions to meet the increasing demand for large, fast, efficient, and reconfigurable ships to compete in international markets.

    For 30 years, Professor Patel was an engineer for companies including General Electric, Lockheed Martin, and Westinghouse Electric, and in the past 15 years he has been an engineering professor at the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy. That varied experience helped him zero in on the specialized multidimensional knowledge an engineer requires—and that is what sets his book apart.

    Compiles Critical, Hard-to-Find Information on Power System Design, Analysis, and Operation

    The global shortage of power engineers is not deterring countries from heavily investing in construction of new power plants and grids. Consequent growth in university electrical power programs is satisfying the demand for engineers, but novice graduates require accelerated understanding and practical experience before entering the thriving maritime segment.

    Ideal for readers with limited electrical experience, wide-ranging coverage includes power system basics, power generation, electrical machines, power distribution, batteries, and marine industry standards. This book is an invaluable tool for engineers working on ships, as well as in ports, industrial power plants, refineries, and other similar environments.

    AC Power Fundamentals

    Current Voltage Power and Energy

    Alternating Current

    AC Phasor

    Phasor Algebra Review

    Single-Phase AC Power Circuit

    AC Power in Complex Form

    Reactive Power

    Three-Phase AC Power System


    Shipboard Power System Architectures

    Types of Ship Drives

    Electrical Design Tasks

    Electrical Load Analysis

    Power System Configurations

    Cold Ironing/Shore Power

    Efficiency and Reliability of Chain

    Shipboard Circuit Designation

    Ship Simulator

    Systems of Units


    Common Aspects of Power Equipment

    Faraday’s Law and Coil Voltage Equation

    Mechanical Force and Torque

    Electrical Equivalent of Newton’s Third Law

    Power Losses in Electrical Machine

    Maximum Efficiency Operating Point

    Thevenin Equivalent Source Model

    Voltage Drop and Regulation

    Load Sharing among Sources

    Power Rating of Equipment

    Temperature Effect on Resistance


    AC Generator

    Terminal Performance

    Electrical Model

    Electrical Power Output

    Transient Stability Limit

    Equal Area Criteria of Transient Stability

    Speed and Frequency Regulations

    Load Sharing among AC Generators

    Isosynchronous Generator

    Excitation Methods

    Short Circuit Ratio

    Automatic Voltage Regulator


    AC and DC Motors

    Induction Motor

    Synchronous Motor

    Motor HP and Line Current

    Dual-Use Motors

    Unbalanced Voltage Effect

    DC Motor

    Universal (Series) Motor AC or DC

    Special Motors for Ship Propulsion

    Torque versus Speed Comparison


    Transformer

    Transformer Categories

    Types of Transformers

    Selection of kVA Rating

    Transformer Cooling Classes

    Three-Phase Transformer Connections

    Full-Δ and Open-Δ Connections

    Magnetizing Inrush Current

    Single-Line Diagram Model

    Three-Winding Transformer

    Percent and Per Unit Systems

    Equivalent Impedance at Different Voltage

    Continuous Equivalent Circuit through Transformer

    Influence of Transformer Impedance


    Power Cable

    Conductor Gage

    Cable Insulation

    Conductor Ampacity

    Cable Electrical Model

    Skin and Proximity Effects

    Cable Design

    Marine and Special Cables

    Cable Routing and Installation


    Power Distribution

    Typical Distribution Scheme

    Grounded and Ungrounded Systems

    Ground Fault Detection Schemes

    Distribution Feeder Voltage Drop

    Bus Bars Electrical Parameters

    High-Frequency Distribution

    Switchboard and Switchgear


    Fault Current Analysis

    Types and Frequency of Faults

    Fault Analysis Model

    Asymmetrical Fault Transient

    Fault Current Offset Factor

    Fault Current Magnitude

    Motor Contribution to Fault Current

    Current Limiting Series Reactor

    Unsymmetrical Faults

    Circuit Breaker Selection Simplified


    System Protection

    Fuse

    Overload Protection

    Electromechanical Relay

    Circuit Breaker

    Differential Protection of Generator

    Differential Protection of Bus and Feeders

    Ground Fault Current Interrupter

    Transformer Protection

    Motor Branch Circuit Protection

    Lightning and Switching Voltage Protection

    Surge Protection for Small Sensitive Loads

    Protection Coordination

    Health Monitoring

    Arc Flash Analysis


    Economic Use of Power

    Economic Analysis

    Power Loss Capitalization

    High Efficiency Motor

    Power Factor Improvement

    Energy Storage During Night

    Variable Speed Motor Drives AC and DC

    Regenerative Braking


    Electrochemical Battery

    Major Rechargeable Batteries

    Electrical Circuit Model

    Performance Characteristics

    Battery Life

    Battery Types Compared

    More on the Lead-Acid Battery

    Battery Design Process

    Safety and Environment


    Marine Industry Standards

    Standard-Issuing Organizations

    Classification Societies

    IEEE Standard-45

    Code of Federal Regulations

    Military-Std-1399

     

    Appendix A: Symmetrical Components

    Appendix B: Operating Ships Power System Data

    Biography

    Mukund R. Patel, Ph.D., P.E., is a professor of engineering at the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy in Kings Point, New York, USA. He has about 50 years of hands-on involvement in research, development, and design of the state-of-the-art electrical power equipment and systems. He has held positions including: principal engineer at General Electric, fellow engineer at the Westinghouse Research & Development Center, senior staff engineer at Lockheed Martin Corporation, and development manager at Bharat Bijlee (Siemens) Limited. Dr. Patel obtained his Ph.D. degree in Electric Power Engineering from the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, and his M.S. in Engineering Management from the University of Pittsburgh. He also received an M.E. in Electrical Machine Design from Gujarat University, and a B.E. from Sardar University, India.