316 Pages
by
CRC Press
316 Pages
by
CRC Press
316 Pages
by
Routledge
Also available as eBook on:
This book provides some insight into chemical defects in crystalline solids, focusing on the relationship between basic principles and device applications. It is concerned with the chemical, optical and electronic consequences of the presence of defects in crystals.
POINT DEFECTS
The Important Defects
Point Defects
The Equilibrium Concentration of Schottky Defects in Crystals
The Equilibrium Concentration of Frenkel Defects in Crystals
Schottky and Frenkel Defects in Crystals
Schottky and Frenkel Defects: Trends and Further Considerations
Case Study: The Photographic Process
Supplementary Reading
ATOMIC MOBILITY: DIFFUSION
Introduction
Self-Diffusion and Tracer Diffusion
Chemical Diffusion
Chemical Diffusion, Intrinsic Diffusion, and Self-Diffusion
Diffusion in Ionic Crystals
Case Study: Corrosion and Oxidation Reactions
Short-Circuit Diffusion
THE ATOMIC THEORY OF DIFFUSION
Introduction
Self-Diffusion Mechanisms
The Arrhenius Equation and the Effect of Temperature
The Relationship between D and Diffusion Distance
Correlation Effects
Case History: Integrated Circuits
Ionic Conductivity
NON-STOICHIOMETRY AND POINT DEFECTS
The Composition of Solids
Solid Solutions
Case Study: Magnetic Spinels
Non-Stoichiometry
Substitutional Impurities
Density and Defect Type
Interpolation
Defect Chemistry
Point Defect Interactions
FAST ION CONDUCTORS
Introduction
The Lithium Iodide Battery
Disordered Cation Compounds
Calcia-Stabilized Zirconia and Related Fast Qxygen Ion Conductors
Case Study: Fuel Cells
The B-Alumina Oxides
The LixTiS3N Battery: Role Reversal
NON-STOICHIOMETRY AND ELECTRONIC CONDUCTION
Introduction
Non-stoichiometry in Pure Oxides
The Effect of Impurity Atoms
Electronic Conduction in Ionic Materials
Thermoelectric Effects
Band Theory
Band Conduction and Hoping Conduction
Case Study: Turning an Insulator into a Metal
DEFECTS AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES
Colour
Case Study: Rubies and Ruby Lasers
Transparent Electrodes
Electrochromic Films
Case Study: The Structure of the F-Centre
Electron and Hole Centres
Case Study: The Search for a Colour Centre Based Information Storage Medium
Colour Centre Lasers
DEFECTS, COMPOSITION RANGES AND CONDUCTIVITY
The Equilibrium Partial Pressure of Oxygen Over an Oxide
Variation of Partial Pressure with Composition
Electronic Conductivity and Partial Pressure for Ni-xO
Case Study: Co1-xO
Electronic Conductivity and Partial Pressure for Zn1+xO
Brouwer Diagrams
Case Study: An Experimentally Determined Brouwer Diagram; CdTe
POINT DEFECTS AND PLANAR DEFECTS
Point Defects in Nearly Stoichiometric Crystals
Point Defect Clusters
Microdomains
Point Defect Ordering and Assimilation
Inerpolation
Planar Faults and Boundaries
Crystallorgraphic Shear Phases
Chemical Twinning
Planar Intergrowths
Case Study: The Nb2O5 Block Structures
Pentagonal Column Phases
Defect-Free Structures: Modulated and Incommensurate Phases
DEFECTS AND NON-STOICHIOMETRY IN HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS
Superconductivity and Superconductors
High Temperature Oxide Superconductors
Superconducting Oxides Which do not Contain Copper
High-Temperature Superconducting Copper Oxides
La2CuO4 Electron Superconductors
YB2Cu3O7 and Related Phases
Pb2Sr2Ycu3O8
The Bi, TI,. And Hg Homologous Series of Superconductors
Conclusions
NON-STOICHIOMETRY: AN OVERVIEW
Ordering, Assimilation, and Elimination of Defects
Thermodynamics and Structures
Theories and Calculations
Defect Structures and Configurations
Surface and Interfaces
Molecular Dynamics
The Important Defects
Point Defects
The Equilibrium Concentration of Schottky Defects in Crystals
The Equilibrium Concentration of Frenkel Defects in Crystals
Schottky and Frenkel Defects in Crystals
Schottky and Frenkel Defects: Trends and Further Considerations
Case Study: The Photographic Process
Supplementary Reading
ATOMIC MOBILITY: DIFFUSION
Introduction
Self-Diffusion and Tracer Diffusion
Chemical Diffusion
Chemical Diffusion, Intrinsic Diffusion, and Self-Diffusion
Diffusion in Ionic Crystals
Case Study: Corrosion and Oxidation Reactions
Short-Circuit Diffusion
THE ATOMIC THEORY OF DIFFUSION
Introduction
Self-Diffusion Mechanisms
The Arrhenius Equation and the Effect of Temperature
The Relationship between D and Diffusion Distance
Correlation Effects
Case History: Integrated Circuits
Ionic Conductivity
NON-STOICHIOMETRY AND POINT DEFECTS
The Composition of Solids
Solid Solutions
Case Study: Magnetic Spinels
Non-Stoichiometry
Substitutional Impurities
Density and Defect Type
Interpolation
Defect Chemistry
Point Defect Interactions
FAST ION CONDUCTORS
Introduction
The Lithium Iodide Battery
Disordered Cation Compounds
Calcia-Stabilized Zirconia and Related Fast Qxygen Ion Conductors
Case Study: Fuel Cells
The B-Alumina Oxides
The LixTiS3N Battery: Role Reversal
NON-STOICHIOMETRY AND ELECTRONIC CONDUCTION
Introduction
Non-stoichiometry in Pure Oxides
The Effect of Impurity Atoms
Electronic Conduction in Ionic Materials
Thermoelectric Effects
Band Theory
Band Conduction and Hoping Conduction
Case Study: Turning an Insulator into a Metal
DEFECTS AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES
Colour
Case Study: Rubies and Ruby Lasers
Transparent Electrodes
Electrochromic Films
Case Study: The Structure of the F-Centre
Electron and Hole Centres
Case Study: The Search for a Colour Centre Based Information Storage Medium
Colour Centre Lasers
DEFECTS, COMPOSITION RANGES AND CONDUCTIVITY
The Equilibrium Partial Pressure of Oxygen Over an Oxide
Variation of Partial Pressure with Composition
Electronic Conductivity and Partial Pressure for Ni-xO
Case Study: Co1-xO
Electronic Conductivity and Partial Pressure for Zn1+xO
Brouwer Diagrams
Case Study: An Experimentally Determined Brouwer Diagram; CdTe
POINT DEFECTS AND PLANAR DEFECTS
Point Defects in Nearly Stoichiometric Crystals
Point Defect Clusters
Microdomains
Point Defect Ordering and Assimilation
Inerpolation
Planar Faults and Boundaries
Crystallorgraphic Shear Phases
Chemical Twinning
Planar Intergrowths
Case Study: The Nb2O5 Block Structures
Pentagonal Column Phases
Defect-Free Structures: Modulated and Incommensurate Phases
DEFECTS AND NON-STOICHIOMETRY IN HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS
Superconductivity and Superconductors
High Temperature Oxide Superconductors
Superconducting Oxides Which do not Contain Copper
High-Temperature Superconducting Copper Oxides
La2CuO4 Electron Superconductors
YB2Cu3O7 and Related Phases
Pb2Sr2Ycu3O8
The Bi, TI,. And Hg Homologous Series of Superconductors
Conclusions
NON-STOICHIOMETRY: AN OVERVIEW
Ordering, Assimilation, and Elimination of Defects
Thermodynamics and Structures
Theories and Calculations
Defect Structures and Configurations
Surface and Interfaces
Molecular Dynamics
Biography
Richard J. D. Tilley
