1st Edition

Practical Controls A Guide To Mechanical Systems

By Steven R. Calabrese Copyright 2003
    484 Pages
    by River Publishers

    Geared toward the HVAC professional, Practical Controls: A Guide to Mechanical Systems provides a solid foundation and well-rounded understanding of the role of controls in mechanical systems design and installation. This book takes a concise look at HVAC controls and controls methods - including electrical, electronic, and microprocessor-based controls and control systems. Using "real world" examples, it explores how various mechanical systems installed in today's facilities are best controlled. The text is a practical resource to controls contracting, providing basic rules, equipment guidelines, rules of thumb, pros and cons, and do's and don'ts.

    Forward, Introduction, Mechanical Systems, Controls and Control Systems

    Mechanical Systems and Equipment Overview

    Airside Systems and Equipment

    Waterside Systems and Equipment

    Miscellaneous Systems and Equipment

    Introduction to Controls: Methods of Control

    Control Methods

    Two-Position Control

    Staged Control

    Proportional Control

    P+I and PID Control

    Floating Control

    Sensors and Controllers

    Sensors

    Controllers: A General Description

    Single-stage or Two-position Controllers

    Multistage Controllers and Thermostats

    Proportional and Floating Controllers

    DDC Controllers

    Safety Devices

    End Devices

    Relays and Contactors

    Starters

    Dampers and Actuators

    Control Valves

    Variable Frequency Drives

    Common Control Schemes

    Reset

    Night Setback and Morning Warm-up

    Economizer Operation

    1/3, 2/3 Control of Steam

    Face/Bypass Damper Control

    Dehumidification

    Primary/Backup Operation

    Lead/Lag Operation

    Intermission

    Rooftop Units

    Single Zone Systems

    Reheat Systems

    RTU Zoning Systems

    VAV Systems

    Make-up Air Units

    Packaged Make-up Air Units

    100 Percent Outside Air

    Packaged Make-up Air Units

    Return Air Capabilitie

    Built Up Make-up Air Units with Electric Heating

    Built Up Make-up Air Units with Steam Heating

    Make-up Air Units—Addition of Cooling

    Fan Coil Units

    Staged Control of Both Heating and Cooling

    Staged Heating and Proportional Cooling

    (or Vice Versa)

    Proportional Heating and Cooling

    Dual-Temp or Two-Pipe Systems

    Built Up Air Handling Units

    Basic Components

    Common Controls

    Formulas and Analysis Tools

    Single Zone Systems

    Reheat Systems

    VAV Systems

    Typical Sequences of Operation

    Ventilation Strategies

    RTU Zoning Systems and

    Stand-alone Zone Dampers

    System Components

    Operational Characteristics

    Typical RTZ System Sequence of Operation

    Stand-alone Zone Dampers

    VAV and Fan Powered Boxes

    Types of VAV and Fan Powered Boxes

    Cooling-only VAV Boxes

    VAV Boxes With Electric Reheat

    VAV Boxes With Hot Water Reheat

    Fan Powered Boxes With Electric or Hot Water Heat ..

    Constant Volume Terminal Units

    Typical Sequences of Operation

    Reheat Coils

    Electric Reheat Coils

    Hot Water and Steam Reheat Coils

    Exhaust Fans and Systems

    Manually Controlled Exhaust

    Interlocked Exhaust

    Time-of-Day Controlled Exhaust

    Temperature and Pressure Controlled Exhaust

    Pumps and Pumping Systems

    Single Pump Systems

    Two and Three Pump Systems

    Variable Frequency Drive Pumping Systems

    Primary/Secondary Pumping Systems

    System Bypass Control

    Boilers

    Hot Water Boilers—Single Boiler Systems

    Hot Water Boilers—Systems with Multiple Boilers

    Steam Boilers—Single and Multiple Boiler Systems

    Combustion Air

    Chillers

    Air Cooled Chillers

    Split System Chillers

    Water Cooled Chillers

    Multiple Chiller Systems

    Refrigerant Monitoring/Ventilation Systems

    Heat Exchangers

    Steam-to-Water Heat Exchangers

    Water-to-Water Heat Exchangers

    Humidifiers

    Steam-utilizing Humidifiers

    Steam-generating Humidifiers

    Unitary Heating Equipment

    Unit Heaters

    Cabinet Unit Heaters and Wall Heaters

    Baseboard Heaters

    Computer Room A/C Systems

    Air Cooled Systems

    Tower Water Systems

    Glycol Cooled Systems

    Water Cooled Systems

    Water Cooled Equipment

    Condenser Water Systems

    Conclusion

    Appendices

    Formulas

    Control Symbols Abbreviations

    Glossary

    Biography

    Steven R Calabrese (Willowbrook, Illinois, USA) (Author)