1st Edition
Power Quality VAR Compensation in Power Systems
Both deregulation in the electrical supply industry and the creation of new electricity markets present electric utility companies with the challenge of becoming more efficient without compromising quality of service.
Providing new solutions for this newly deregulated paradigm, Power Quality: VAR Compensation in Power Systems presents comprehensive coverage of power quality, harmonics, and static var compensators in one single volume. The book explains how to ensure that power quality is not affected by the harmonics generated by power electronic equipment and explains how to reduce labor costs and increase reliability of supply by employing a single pole autoreclosing scheme. It also addresses how to analyze frequency response of current transformers and voltage transformers while measuring harmonics.
Based on the authors’ extensive experience in the electric supply industry, Power Quality enables engineers to meet the demands of increased loads, strengthen their transmission systems, and ensure reliable electric supply.
Importance of Power Quality
Common Disturbances in Power Systems
Short-Duration Voltage Variation
Long-Duration Voltage Variations
Transients
Harmonics
Interharmonics
DC Offset
Notching
Noise
Voltage Fluctuations
Power Frequency Variations
Solutions to Power Quality Problems
Ambiguous Terms
CBEMA and ITI Curves
Features of Voltages in Power Systems
Grounding
Reactive Power in Power Systems with Harmonic Distortion
Reliability
Power Quality Data Collection
Static Var Compensators
Static Var Compensator Systems Versus Synchronous Condensers, Capacitors, and Reactors
Shunt and Series Compensation
Fundamentals of Load Compensation
Reactive Power Relationships Between Wye- and Delta-connected Systems
Static Var Compensators for Transmission Systems
A Case Study (Australia): Central Queensland Railway Project
Chester–Maine SVC Project
Control of Static Var Compensators
Control Systems for SVCs in Transmission System Applications
Control Systems for SVCs in Traction Applications
Phase-Locked Oscillator Control System
Implementation Details of a Programmable High-Speed Controller
Harmonics
Converter Harmonics
Single-Phase Power Supplies
DC Drives
AC Drives
Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
Telecontrol Signals
Cycloconverters
Transformers
Harmonics in Rotating Machines
Harmonics in arc Furnace Loads
Harmonic in a Thyristor-Controlled Reactor
The K-Factor
Utility Harmonic Regulations and Standards
Undesirable Effects of the Harmonics
Specification of the Harmonic Limits
Philosophical Differences between IEEE 519-1992 and IEC 61000 Series Standards
IEEE 519-1992
IEC 61000 Series Standards
General Comments on the Standards
Application of the Standards
Examples of the Harmonic Studies
Harmonic Filters
Undesirable Effects of Harmonics
Harmonic Sources
Types of Filters
AC Network Impedance
Design of Single-Tuned Filters
Design of Double-Tuned Filters
Filter Performance Evaluation
Design of Damped Filters
Filter Component Ratings
Computational Tools and Programs for the design and Analysis of Static Var Compensators and Filters
Computational Tools
Digital Computers
Analog Computers
Special Problems in the Simulation of Power Electronic Circuits
Transient Electrical Network Analyzers
Special-Purpose Simulators
Computer Programs
DADiSP
Monitoring Power Quality
Site Surveys
Transducers
IEC-Recommended Measurement Techniques for Harmonics
Necessity for the Measurement of Harmonic Voltages and Currents
Harmonic Monitoring System
Continuous Harmonic Analysis in Real Time (CHART)
Presentation of Harmonic Measurements
Examples of Projects Needing Harmonic Monitoring in the Powerlink Queensland System, Australia
Flicker
IEC Flicker Meter
Reactors
Losses in the Power System
Switching Surges
Shunt Reactor Installations in EHV Lines
Determination of Shunt Reactor Rating
Choice of Voltage Level for Shunt Reactor Connection
Single-Pole Auto-Reclosing of Transmission Lines
Types of Reactors Based on their Function
Construction of Reactors
Capacitors
Capacitor BanksCapacitor Bank Connections
Protection of Capacitor Banks
Capacitor Bank Switching
Series Capacitors
Metal Oxide Varistors (MOVs)
Fast Fourier Transforms
Fourier Series
Symmetrical Properties of Waveforms
Sinc Function
Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)
Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)
Cooley–Tukey Algorithm
FFT of Two Real Functions Simultaneously
Mixed Radix FFT
Split-Radix FFT
FFT Pruning
The Convolution Integral
Auto- and Cross-Correlation Functions
Pitfalls of the Discrete Fourier Transform
Guidelines for using FFT for Harmonic Analysis
Biography
Vedam, R. Sastry; Sarma, Mulukutla S.
