Pavements are the most ubiquitous of all man-made structures, and they have an enormous impact on environmental quality. They are responsible for hydrocarbon pollutants, excess runoff, groundwater decline and the resulting local water shortages, temperature increases in the urban "heat island," and for the ability of trees to extend their roots in order to live. Porous pavements, despite their ability to mitigate these factors, remain the object of much skepticism and controversy.
Written by a renowned expert with 25 years of experience in urban watershed management, Porous Pavements is the first comprehensive "encyclopedia" of porous pavement materials. The book begins with five chapters that lay a foundation for all porous pavement materials and applications, introducing the types of materials and arrangements, their roles in the urban environment, and the principles of pavement structure, hydrology, and rooting space. The following nine chapters outline the costs, maintenance requirements, advantages and disadvantages for different applications, installation methods, sources of standard specifications, and performance levels for each family of porous pavement materials.
Relying on case studies and factual data from observed experience, and containing abundant references for further information, Porous Pavements gives responsible practitioners a complete toolbox from which to select the appropriate material for site-specific conditions, providing a "green" alternative to impervious pavements.
WHY MAKE PAVEMENTS POROUS
The Magnitude of Pavements in America
Where Not to Make Pavements Porous
The Promise of Clean Water
The Promise of Long-Lived Trees
The Promise of Cool Cities
The Promise of Safe Driving
The Promise of Reducing Cost
The Promise of Meeting Development Regulations
The Promise of Preserving Native Ecosystems
The Promise of Beauty
Acknowledgements
References
DIMENSIONS OF POROUS PAVEMENT INSTALLATIONS
Porous Pavement Components
Porous Pavement Materials
Examples of Selective Application
Provisions for All Porous Pavement Applications
Acknowledgements
Trademarks
References
POROUS PAVEMENT STRUCTURE
The Load of Traffic on Pavement
The Bearing of Load by Subgrade
The Structural Roles of Pavement Material
Compaction and Its Alternatives
Pavement Adaptation to Freezing
Pavement Adaptation to Special Subgrades
Pavement Adaptation at Edges
Acknowledgements
Trademarks
References
POROUS PAVEMENT HYDROLOGY
Surface Infiltration and Runoff
Disposition of Water Below Pavement Surface
Storage in Pavement Reservoir
Reservoir Discharge Through Perforated Pipe
Infiltration Into Subgrade
Water-Quality Treatment
The Importance of Small Storms
Acknowledgements
Trademarks
References
POROUS PAVEMENT TREE ROOTING MEDIA
Viable Rooting Media
Rooting Volume
The Role of a Pavement's Surface Course
Base Course Rooting Media
Rooting Space in Subgrade
Special Treatment at the Tree Base
Acknowledgements
Trademarks
References
POROUS AGGREGATE
General Characteristics of Aggregate Materials
Mineral Aggregate Materials
ESCS Aggregate Materials
Recycled Aggregate Materials
Porous Aggregate Surfaces
Porous Aggregate Surfaces in Pedestrian Plazas
Porous Aggregate Surfaces in Residential Driveways
Porous Aggregate Surfaces in Parking Lots
Porous Aggregate Surfaces in Work and Equipment Platforms
Porous Aggregate Surfaces in Playgrounds
Porous Aggregate Base Courses and Reservoirs
Porous Aggregate Filter Layers and Use of Geotextiles
Acknowledgements
Trademarks
References
POROUS TURF R.B. Sawhill
Relationship Between Turf and Traffic
Turfgrass Species and Varieties
Turf Construction
Turf Maintenance
Turf Infiltration Rate
Unreinforced Turf for Pedestrian Traffic
Unreinforced Turf for Vehicular Traffic
Turf Reinforcement
Reinforced Turf for Vehicular Traffic
Acknowledgements
Trademarks
References
PLASTIC GEOCELLS
Geocell Installation
Maintenance Cost
Geoblock
Grasspave
Grassroad and Tufftrack
Grassy Pavers
Gravelpave
Netpave
Other Models of Plastic Geocells
Flexible Plastic Webs
Acknowledgements
Trademarks
References
OPEN-JOINTED PAVING BLOCKS
The Concrete Paving Block Industry
Configuration and Use of Block Surfaces
Construction of Open-Jointed Block Pavements
Joint-Fill Materials and Their Implications
Factors in Stability and Infiltration
Drainstone Concrete Block
Ecoloc Concrete Block
Eco-Logic Concrete Block
Eco-Stone Concrete Block
SF-Rima Concrete Block
Paving Blocks of Other Materials
Open Patterns With Rectangular Paving Blocks
Acknowledgements
Trademarks
References
OPEN-CELLED PAVING GRIDS
The Concrete Grid Manufacturing Industry
Construction of Open-Celled Grid Pavements
Grass Performance in Grid Cells
Ambergrid Concrete Grid
Checkerblock Concrete Grid
Grasscrete Concrete Grid Slab
Monoslab Concrete Grid
Turfstone Concrete Grid
Other Models of Concrete Grids
Open-Celled Paving Bricks
Acknowledgements
Trademarks
References
POROUS CONCRETE
The Porous Concrete Paving Industry
Advantages and Disadvantages of Porous Concrete
Hydrology of Porous Concrete
Constituents of Porous Concrete
Construction of Porous Concrete Pavements
Joints in Porous Concrete
Care Required in Porous Concrete Installation
Porous Concrete in Successful and Unsuccessful Installations
Further Installations on Sandy Subgrades
Porous Concrete on the West Coast
Porous Concrete on Fine-Texture Subgrades
Toward Porous Concrete in Cold Climates
Acknowledgements
Trademarks
References
POROUS ASPHALT
Components of Asphalt Mixtures
Early Porous Asphalt Mixtures
Contemporary Changes in Porous Asphalt Mixtures
Construction of Porous Asphalt Pavement
Porous Asphalt Construction Cost
Porous Asphalt Hydrology
Porous Asphalt Maintenance and Rehabilitation
Porous Asphalt Pavements in Practice
Porous Asphalt in Overlays
Acknowledgements
References
SOFT POROUS SURFACING K. Sorvig
The Theory and Practice of Softness
Where to use SPS
Safety and Accessibility of Loose-Fill Surfaces
SPS Installation
Considerations for Use of Organic Materials
Wood and Bark Materials
Examples of Wood and Bark Mulch Installations
Organic Crop Byproducts
Mollusk Shells
Granular Recycled Rubber
Acknowledgements
Trademarks
References
DECKS G.A. Coyle
Deck Components and Effects
Natural Wood in Deck Construction
Plastic and Composite Lumber in Deck Construction
On-Grade Decks
Elevated Decks
Decks in Practice
Trademarks
Acknowledgements
References
Biography
Bruce Ferguson
"Porous Pavements presents perhaps one of the most complete assessments of what is for many designers a largely misunderstood construction medium…Ferguson has done a commendable job of inventorying the range of techniques and materials available…belongs on the bookshelf of designers, faculty, and students with an interest in the use of alternative paving materials for the conveyance and treatment of stormwater."
-Peter Kumble, ASLA, Landscape Architecture, Vol. 96, No. 6, June 2006
"This book is unique as it serves as the inaugural publication written on the subject…a unique aspect of the book is Professor Ferguson's visits and reflections on hundreds of sites of all types of porous pavements…a great resource that affirms the interlocking concrete pavement industry's information about design, construction, and maintenance…highly recommended…[it] will transform the academic landscape by moving porous pavements to the center of training in sustainable site design."
- Interlocking Concrete Pavement Magazine, August 2005
"This team of landscape architects has produced a groundbreaking reference volume that will be of great value to educators, researchers, and practitioners in landscape design, urban hydrology, and roadway engineering. …A comprehensive volume on the subject was not previously available. Porous Pavements provides convincing arguments through concepts and examples that justify the adoption of porous pavement technology. …The reference volume is well written and illustrated with a large number of photographs and schematics. …The detailed information given on each topic in the book is referenced very well, and each chapter is followed by a long list of up-to-date references."
Journal of the American Water Resources Association, Dec. 2005". . . I would strongly recommend this excellent reference book to all landscape architects and arboriculturists."
– Richard Nicholson, in Arboricultural Journal, 2006, Vol. 29
