1st Edition

Polyurethane Shape Memory Polymers

By W.M. Huang, Bin Yang, Yong Qing Fu Copyright 2012
    384 Pages 377 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    383 Pages 377 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are some of the most important and valuable engineering materials developed in the last 25 years. These fascinating materials demonstrate remarkably versatile properties—including capacity for actuation and stimulus responsiveness—that are enabling technologists to develop applications used to explore everything from the outer reaches of space to the inside of the human body.

    Polyurethane Shape Memory Polymers details the fundamentals of SMP makeup, as well as their shape-recovery features and their seemingly endless potential for use in applications ranging from the macro- to submicron scales. With an abundance of illustrations and vivid pictures to explain how SMPs and their composites work and how they can be used, this book covers:

    • History and most recent developments in SMPs
    • Thermomechanical properties and behavior of the polymers and their composites
    • Modification of SMPs and novel actuation mechanisms
    • Large-scale surface pattern generation
    • Multi-shape memory effect
    • Fabrication techniques
    • Characterization of composites

    A must-have reference for anyone working in the materials science and engineering fields, this book outlines the properties—such as light weight, low cost, and ability to handle high strain—that make the easily processed SMPs so useful in fields including aerospace, biomedicine, and textiles. It is intended to help readers understand and apply the knowledge and techniques presented to develop new innovations that will further benefit society.

    Introduction

    Shape Memory Materials and Shape Memory Polymers

    Mechanisms of Shape Memory Effects in Shape Memory Polymers

    Typical Applications of Shape Memory Polymers

    Polyurethane Shape Memory Polymers

    Outline of Book


    Thermomechanical Behavior of Polyurethane Shape Memory Polymer

    Glass Transition Temperature and Thermal Stability

    Dynamic Mechanical Properties

    Uniaxial Tension in Glass State

    Uniaxial Tension in Rubber State

    Recovery Tests


    Effects of Moisture on Glass Transition Temperature and Applications

    Moisture Absorption in Room-Temperature Water

    Glass Transition Temperature after Immersion

    Evolution of Glass Transition Temperature upon Thermal Cycling

    Interaction of Water and Polyurethane SMP

    Correlation of Moisture, Glass Transition Temperature, and Hydrogen Bonding

    New Features Based on Effects of Moisture

    Recovery Tests


    Electrically Conductive Polyurethane Shape Memory Polymers

    Preparation of Electrically Conductive Polyurethane SMP

    Shape Recovery by Passing Electrical Current

    Distribution of Carbon Powder in Polyurethane SMP

    Electrical Resistivity

    Thermal Stability

    Uniaxial Tensile Testing at Room Temperature

    Shape Memory Properties upon Heating


    Effects of Moisture on Electrically Conductive Polyurethane Shape Memory Polymers

    Absorption of Moisture in Room-Temperature Water

    Electrical Resistivity after Immersion

    Glass Transition Temperature after Immersion

    Evolution of Glass Transition Temperature upon Thermal Cycling

    Correlation of Moisture Absorption, Loading of Carbon Powder, and Glass Transition Temperature

    Effects of Moisture on Thermomechanical Properties


    Magnetic and Conductive Polyurethane Shape Memory Polymers

    Iron Oxide Micro Particles

    Nickel Micro and Nano Powders

    Electrically Conductive SMPs


    Shape Memory Polymer Nanocomposites

    Synthesis Techniques of SMP Nanocomposites

    Shape Memory Polymer Nanocomposites


    Porous Polyurethane Shape Memory Polymers

    Water as Foaming Agent for Porous SMPs

    Formation of Bubbles by Heat Treatment

    Thermomechanical Behaviors of SMP Foams

    Yield Surface of Foam

    Influence of Storage on Polyurethane SMP Foams


    Shape Memory Effects at Micro and Nanoscales

    SMP Thin Wires

    SMP Micro Beads

    SMP Thin and Ultrathin Films

    Surface Patterning atop Shape Memory Polymers


    Wrinkling atop Shape Memory Polymers

    Theory of Wrinkling

    Wrinkling atop SMPs


    Medical Applications of Polyurethane Shape Memory Polymers

    Thermo-Responsive Feature-Based Devices

    Thermo- and Moisture-Responsive Feature-Based Devices

    Toward Micro Machines


    Mechanisms of Multi-Shape and Temperature Memory Effects

    Multi-Shape Memory Effect and Temperature Memory Effect

    Demonstration of Multi-SME and TME in Polyurethane SMP

    Mechanisms


    Future of Polyurethane Shape Memory Polymers

    Characterization and Modeling of SMPs

    Stability of SME

    Cyclic Actuation

    Alternative Actuation Techniques

    Multiple Functions

    Biography

    W.M. Huang is an Associate Professor of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.

    "One in all, the authors managed to write a book which gives a comprehensive overview on polyurethane shape memory polymer research. Due to the authors’ long-term research experience, I am optimistic that Polyurethane Shape Memory Polymers will be a success story. Everyone, who wants to learn about these fascinating materials or get inspired, will find plenty of information and a valuable source of inspiration."
    -- Dr. Thorsten Pretsch, BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Berlin, Germany