1st Edition
Mobile Social Networking and Computing A Multidisciplinary Integrated Perspective
Recent advancements in mobile device technologies are revolutionizing how we socialize, interact, and connect. By connecting the virtual community with the local environment, mobile social networks (MSNs) create the opportunity for a multitude of new personalized services for mobile users. Along with that comes the need for new paradigms, mechanisms, and techniques with the capacity to autonomously manage their functioning and evolution.
Currently, most books about mobile networks focus mainly on the technical point of view. Mobile Social Networking and Computing: A Multidisciplinary Integrated Perspective not only addresses the theoretical aspects of MSN and computing, but also introduces and categorizes existing applications. It supplies a multidisciplinary perspective that considers the technology, economics, social sciences, and psychology behind MSNs.
In addition to fundamental theory, the book investigates the practical issues in MSN, including characteristics, inner structural relationship, incentive mechanisms, resource allocating, information diffusion, search, ranking, privacy, trust, and reputation. Introducing recently developed technologies, modes, and models, the book provides two distinct (but related) viewpoints about MSN applications: socially inspired networking technology and networking technology that uses recent advancements to enhance quality of life.
The text illustrates the interaction between the macrolevel structure and the local rational behaviors (microlevel) in MSN. It summarizes currently available MSN development platforms, including Android and iOS, and introduces and categorizes existing applications related to MSN and computing.
Both location-based service (LBS) and mobile social networks in proximity (MSNPs) are presented in a comprehensive manner. Highlighting key research opportunities, this much-needed reference outlines incentive mechanisms inspired by classical economics, behavioral economics, and social psychology, and, perhaps for the first time, it presents a summary of the economic and business models of MSNs.
MSN BASIC CONCEPTS, APPLICATIONS, AND CHALLENGES
Introduction to Mobile Social Networking and Computing
Introduction
Research and Application Framework of MSNs
Structure and Interaction Perspective about MSNs
Multidimensional Structure—Economic and Social Characteristics of MSNs
Evolutionary Interaction
MSN from an Application Perspective
Socially Inspired Mobile Networking
Enhanced Social Life with Mobile Technologies
Fundamental Issues
Incentive Mechanisms
Trust and Reputation
Identity Management and Privacy
Location Technologies and Energy Efficiency
HCI Issues
Conclusion
References
FUNDAMENTAL THEORY AND KEY PROBLEMS IN MSNs
Multidimensional (Temporal–Spatio–Social) Structural Characteristics of Mobile Social Networks
Introduction
Background on Static Social Network Characteristics and Measurements
Degree Distribution
Characteristic Path Length
Clustering Coefficient
Network Efficiency, E(G)
Small-World Behavior
Centrality
Degree Centrality
Closeness Centrality
Betweenness Centrality
Eigenvector Centrality
Characterizing Time-Varying MSNs
Classifying Temporal Information
Static versus Temporal Analysis
Evolving versus Temporal Networks
Formalism in TVGs
Journeys and Related Temporal Concepts
Temporal Betweenness Centrality
Temporal Closeness Centrality
Temporal Eigenvector Centrality
Small-World Properties in Temporal Social Network
An Incarnation of TVG Framework
Spatiosocial Characteristics of MSNs
Node Locality
Geographic Clustering Coefficient
Conclusion
References
User Behaviors and Interaction in MSNs
Introduction
Measuring and Characterizing User Interaction in MSNs
Methodology of Measuring Users’ Behaviors and Interactions
Crowdsourcing-Based Measurement Architecture
Experience Sampling Method for MSNs
Various Features of Interactions in MSNs
Connectivity and Interaction in Social Network
Traffic Activities in Social Networks
Locality of Interest and Navigation Characteristics
Prediction of User Behavior in MSNs
Prediction of User’s Future Activity Level
Geographical Prediction in MSN/OSN
Modeling User Interactions in MSNs
Multidimensional Characterizing of Human Mobility in MSNs
An Integrated Behavior Model in MSNs
Edge Creation
Social Triadic Closure
Triangle-Closing Models
Mobility-Driven Closure
Temporal Evolution
Putting It All Together: New Models Emerging
Motivating User Interaction in MSNs
Conclusion
References
Incentive Mechanisms in Mobile Social Networks
Introduction
Basic Concepts about Motivation Theories
Motivation Approaches
Economic View of Motivation: Example Design and Challenges
Some Challenges in an Economic View of Motivation
Behavioral Economics View of Motivation
Motivation Theory from Psychology
Future Trends
Exploring Designs of Mechanisms Inspired by Theories of Motivation
Personalized Incentive Mechanism Design
Typical Incentive Schemes in MSNs
Mobile Crowdsourcing Sensing in MSNs
Conclusion and Future Directions
References
Information Diffusion in Mobile Social Networks
Introduction
Information Diffusion Models
General Threshold Model
General Cascade Model
Game Theory–Based Diffusion Model 5.3 Influence Maximization Problem
Definition
Existing Algorithms in Influence Maximization
Greedy-Based Algorithms
Heuristic Schemes
Distributed Realization of Influence Maximization in MSNs
Basic Concepts about Random Walk
The Process of Distributed iWander Protocol Inspired by Random Walk
The Evaluation of iWander
Extensions to Influence Maximization
Budget and Cost in Information Diffusion
Competitive Information Diffusion
Time-Critical Influence Maximization
Conclusion
References
Mobile Search and Ranking
Introduction
Some Challenges of Search and Ranking in MSNs
Technological Factors
Socioeconomic Factors
Existing Schemes of Search and Ranking in MSNs
A Preference-Enabled Querying Mechanism
Related Work
Architecture and Components
Social Search Browser
SSB Prototype
Mobile Application
Interactive Filters
Query Details and Answers
Social Network Document Ranking
Multilevel Actor Similarity
Implementation of Social Network Document Rank
Mobile Decentralized Search
Mobile Search and SMS
Traditional Design of the iTrust Search and Retrieval System
Search and Retrieval for iTrust over SMS
Performance Evaluation of iTrust
Conclusion
References
Energy-Efficient Mechanisms in Mobile Social Networks
Introduction
Energy Efficiency on Location Technology
Energy Efficiency on Outdoor Location Technologies
Energy Efficiency on Indoor Location Technologies
The Underlying Networking Technology
Power Saving Mechanisms for Mobile Stations
Adaptive Power Saving Mechanism for 802.16e
Power Saving Mechanism for Wi-Fi Direct
Opportunistic Power Save
Notice of Absence Protocol
Energy Efficiency on Bluetooth
Energy Efficiency on Mobile User Context
Sensors for Detecting User Context
Ambient Light Sensor
Proximity Sensor
Global Positioning System
Accelerometer
Compass
Gyros
A New Sensor—Back-Illuminated Sensor
User Context
Context-Aware Services
Sensor PM
Application and Architecture Features
Energy-Efficient File Sharing
Collaborative Downloading
Developers and Users
Conclusion
References
Privacy, Trust, and Reputation in Mobile Networking and Computing
Privacy
Introduction
Architecture and Classification of MSNs
Centralized MSNs
Distributed MSNs
Hybrid MSNs
Privacy Leakage Information in MSNs
Privacy Protection Classification
Obfuscation
Private Matching
Location Privacy
Communication Privacy
Future Directions
Conclusion
Trust and Reputation
Introduction
Fundamentals of Trust and Reputation
Definition of Trust in MSNs
Trust System Classification
Definition of Reputation in MSNs
Reputation System Classification
Challenges and Attacks for Trust and Reputation Systems
Playbooks
Unfair Ratings
Discrimination
Collusion
Proliferation
Reputation Lag Exploitation
Reentry
Value Imbalance Exploitation
Typical Trust and Reputation Systems
Peer-to-Peer Multidimensional Trust Model
DEco Arch
TRAVOS
Measuring Trustworthiness Using a Personalized Approach
Conclusion
References
Economic and Business Models in Mobile Social Networks
Introduction
Economic Characteristics of MSNs
Mobility
Network Externalities
Long Tail
Present Business Models of MSNs
Theories about Mobile Business Models
Business Model Components
Design Issues
Revenue Models of MSNs
Advertising
Subscription
Transaction-Based Fee
Specific Issues
Activeness
Identity
Copyright
Mobility
Trust
Analyzing MSN Business Models Based on Two-Sided Market Theory
Definitions of Two-Sided Market
The Model and Analysis
Platform Monopoly
Platform Duopoly
Conclusion
References
APPLICATIONS OF MSN
Socially Inspired Mobile Networking
Introduction
Human Mobility Traces and Models
Data Collection Techniques
Real Human Mobility Traces
Reality Mining Trace
Cambridge Trace
Human Mobility Models
Social-Based Routing Protocols in Delay-Tolerant Networks
A Survey of Social-Based Routing Protocols
Label Routing
SimBet Routing
BUBBLE Rap Forwarding
Social-Based Multicasting
Friendship-Based Routing
Give2Get
Tit-for-Tat
Social Selfishness Aware Routing
Comparisons of Social-Based Routing Protocols
A Typical Social-Based Routing Protocol
Analysis of Node Relations
Friendship Community Formation
Forwarding Strategy
Conclusion and Future Work
References
Location-Based Services
Introduction
Positioning Technologies and Assessment
Positioning Technologies
Outdoor Technologies
Indoor Technologies (Indoor Localization Techniques)
Performance Assessment of Outdoor Technologies
Categories and Characteristics of LBSs
Categories of LBSs
Characteristics of LBSs
Architecture and Typical Applications of LBSs
Architecture of LBSs
Components Needed to Deliver LBSs
Common LBS Architecture
Requirements of LBS Architecture
Typical LBS Applications
Foursquare
Sindbad
Challenges for LBSs
User Privacy
Interoperability
Accuracy and Reliability
Information Availability
Adaptation
Legal, Ethical, and Social Challenges
Conclusion
References
Mobile Social Networking in Proximity
Introduction
MSNP-Related Applications
Mobile Social Network
Mobile P2P
Opportunistic Network
Several Initiatives of MSNP
PeerDeviceNet
AllJoyn
Summary of MSN(P) Approaches
Special Characteristics and Challenges of MSNPs
Special Characteristics of MSNPs
Open Issues
Mobility
Naming and Messaging Mechanism
Peer and Service Discovery
Incentive Mechanism
Openness
Security, Trust, and Privacy
Design Architecture of MSNP Platform
Conclusion
References
MSN APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT
Mobile Social Networking Development Platforms and Examples
Introduction
Overview of Mobile Platform
Mobile Devices
Mobile OSs
MSN Development Platform Architecture
Analysis of MSN Design
Mobile App Background
Android and iOS Overview
Android
iOS
Comparison of Android and iOS from Viewpoint of Developers
Introduction to Mobile Development: Android and iOS as Examples
Considerations in Mobile Development
iOS Considerations
Android Considerations
Process of Mobile Development
Cross-Platform Mobile Applications Development
Overview of Cross-Platform Development
Requirements and Architecture of a Cross-Platform Framework
Comparison of Cross-Platform Mobile Development Tools
A Simple MSN Platform Development Example
Conclusion
References
Index
Biography
Yufeng Wang received his doctoral degree from the State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), China, in July 2004. From July 2006 to April 2007, he worked as a postdoctoral researcher at Kyushu University, Japan. In May 2007, he became an associate professor at Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), China. From February 2008 to March 2011, he was an expert researcher at the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Japan. Since 2013, he has been a full professor at NUPT and is also a guest researcher at the State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology and at the Media Lab at Waseda University, Japan. Professor Wang’s research interests include multidisciplinary inspired research on networking and systems, specifically new generation networks, peer-to-peer (P2P), wireless ad hoc network and sensor networks, trust and reputation systems, and mobile social networking and computing.
Dr. Wang has published more than 40 academic papers in journals and conference proceedings and has organized two special issues on multidisciplinary networks and systems for the Telecommunication Systems Journal and the Journal of Computer and System Sciences.
Jianhua Ma received his bachelor’s and master’s degrees in communication systems from the National University of Defense Technology (NUDT), China, in 1982 and 1985, respectively. In 1990, he received his doctoral degree in information engineering from Xidian University, China. He has been on the faculty of Hosei University, Japan, since 2000. Presently, he is a professor of computer and information sciences in the Digital Media Department. Prior to joining Hosei University, Dr. Ma had 15 years of teaching and/or research experience at NUDT, Xidian University, and the University of Aizu, Japan.
Dr. Ma’s main research interest is ubiquitous computing, especially devoted to what he calls "smart worlds" filled with smart/intelligent ubiquitous things, or u-things, including three kinds of essential elements: smart objects, smart spaces/ hyperspaces, and smart systems. These are based on his vision for the future: ubiquitous intelligence (UI, u-intelligence) or pervasive intelligence (PI), solving the crucial problems caused by intelligence pervasion due to the fast progress of semiconductors, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS), sensors, radio frequency identifications (RFIDs), embedded devices, ubiquitous computers, pervasive networks, universal services, and so forth.
Dr. Ma is a member of Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). He has edited 10 books/proceedings and has published more than 180 academic papers in journals, books, and conference proceedings. He has delivered more than 10 keynote speeches at international conferences, and he has given invited talks at more than 30 universities/institutes. (More detailed information about Prof. Jianhua Ma can be found at http://cis.k.hosei.ac.jp/~jianhua.)