1st Edition

Microscale Testing in Aquatic Toxicology Advances, Techniques, and Practice

Edited By Peter G. Wells, Kenneth Lee, Christian Blaise Copyright 1998

    Bioassays are among the ecotoxicologist's most effective weapons in the evaluation of water quality and the assessment of ecological impacts of effluents, chemicals, discharges, and emissions on the aquatic environment. Information on these assessment aids is needed throughout the international scientific and environmental management community. This comprehensive reference provides an excellent overview of the small-scale aquatic bioassay techniques and applications currently in use around the world.
    This special volume is the result of several years of collaboration between Environment Canada and Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Internationally recognized research scientists at many institutions have contributed to this state-of-the-art examination of the exciting, environmentally important field of microscale testing in aquatic toxicology.
    Microscale Testing in Aquatic Toxicology contains over forty chapters covering relevant principles, new techniques and recent advancements, and applications in scientific research, environmental management, academia, and the private sector.

    PART ONE: INTRODUCTION
    Microscale Testing in Aquatic Toxicology: Introduction, Historical Perspective, and Context, C. Blaise, P.G. Wells, and K. Lee
    PART TWO: MICROSCALE TESTING AT VARIOUS BIOLOGICAL AND PHYLOGENETIC LEVELS
    Biochemical Assays
    Immunoassays: Applications for the Aquatic Environment, A. Dankwardt, S. Pullen, and B. Hock
    Environmental Applications with Submitochondrial Particles, H.W. Read, J.M. Harkin, and K.E. Gustavson
    Bioassays to Measure MFO Inducers in Effluents, P.V. Hodson, J. Sherry, and J. Parrott
    Enzyme Inhibition for Examination of Toxic Effects in Aquatic Systems, U. Obst, A. Wessler, and M. Weigand-Rosinus
    Tissue Culture Assays
    Sponge Cells and Tissue as Biological Monitors of Aquatic Pollution, W.E.G. Müller and I.M. Müller
    The Use of Fish Cells in the Toxicological Evaluation of Environmental Contaminants, F. Denizeau
    In Vitro Assays for Detection of Non-Genotoxic Carcinogens, M.J. Durand, V. Cruciani, S. Alexandre, J.C. Hoflack, H. Bessi, C. Blaise, and P. Vasseur
    Bacteria
    Microbial Enzyme Assays for the Detection of Heavy Metal Toxicity, G. Bitton and J.L. Morel
    ATP-TOX System - A Review, H.H. Xu
    Luminescent Bacterial Biosensors for the Rapid Detection of Toxicants, S.F. Briscoe, J. Cai, and M.S. DuBow
    Stress-Responsive Luminous Bacteria for Toxicity and Genotoxicity Monitoring, S. Belkin
    Microtox® Toxicity Test Systems - Where They Stand Today, A. Qureshi, A.A. Bulich, and D. Isenberg
    Microtox® Toxicity Test System - New Developments and Applications, B.T. Johnson
    Measurement of Microbial Exoenzyme Activity in Sediments for Environmental Impact Assessment, K. Lee and K.L. Tay
    Small-Scale In Vitro Genotoxicity Tests for Bacteria and Invertebrates, P.D. Hansen and A. Herbert
    Microalgae
    Recent Advances in Toxicity Test Methods Using Kelp Gametophytes. B.S. Anderson, J.W. Hunt, and W. Piekarski
    Microplate Toxicity Tests with Micro-Algae: A Review, C. Blaise, J.-F. Férard, and P. Vasseur
    Ecophysiological Considerations in Microalgal Toxicity Tests, C. Nalewajko and M.M. Olaveson
    Development and First Validation of a "Stock-Culture Free" Algal Microbiotest: The Algaltoxkit, G. Persoone
    Protozoa
    Ciliated Protozoa as Test Organisms in Toxicity Assessments, G.L. Gilron and D.H. Lynn
    Development of a Protozoan Chemoattraction Inhibition Assay for Evaluating Toxicity of Aquatic Pollutants, S.G. Berk and R.O. Roberts
    Ciliate Microbiotest Applications: Metal Contaminants in Water and Soil, J.R. Pratt, D.G. Mochan, and N.J. Bowers
    Invertebrates
    Utility and Practical Considerations for In Vitro Developmental Toxicity Testing: Hydra and FETAX Assays, E.M. Johnson
    Microscale Bioassays for Corals, M. Branton
    The Use of Larvae and Small Species of Polychaetes in Marine Toxicological Testing, D. J. Reish
    Development of a Canadian Marine Toxicity Test for Whole Sediment Using Cultured Spionid Polychaetes, P. Pocklington and K.G. Doe
    Microscale Toxicity Testing with Rotifers, T.W. Snell and C.R. Janssen
    Recent Advances in Microscale Toxicity Testing with Marine Mollusks, J.W. Hunt, B.S. Anderson, and B.M. Phillips
    Development and Validation of Toxkit Microbiotests with Invertebrates, in Particular Crustaceans, G. Persoone
    Death by Mud: Amphipod Sediment Toxicity Tests, P.M. Chapman
    Physiological Dysfunction in Estuarine Mysids and Larval Decapods with Chronic Pesticide Exposure, C.L. McKenney
    Teleosts and Amphibians
    Aquatic Testing with Early Life Stages of Killifish, J.S. Weis and P. Weis
    Genetoxicity in Fish Embryos, A. Herbert and P.-D. Hansen
    Genotoxicity Tests in Amphibians: A Review, V. Ferrier, L. Gauthier, C. Zoll-Moreux, and J. L'Haridon
    Multi-Trophic Assessment in Practice
    Marine and Estuarine Porewater Toxicity Testing, R.S. Carr
    Correspondence of a Microscale Toxicity Test to Responses to Toxicants in Natural Systems, J. Cairns, B.R. Niederlehner, and E.P. Smith
    Role of Microbiotests in Contaminated Sediment Assessment Batteries, P. Ross
    PART THREE: VALIDATION, APPLICATIONS, AND TRAINING WITH MICROSCALE TESTING
    The Influence of Particle Size, Ammonia, and Sulfide on Toxicity of Dredged Materials for Ocean Disposal, K.L. Tay, K.G. Doe, A.J. MacDonald, and K. Lee
    Oil Spill Treating Agents: Present Knowledge and Toxicity Testing Needs, A.J. Mearns
    The Development, Validation, and Analysis of Salmonella Mutagenicity Test Methods for Environmental Situations, L.D. Claxton
    Investigating the Sources and Fate of Genotoxic Substances in Aquatic Ecosystems with the SOS Chromotest, P.A. White and C. Cóté
    The Development and Application of Sediment Toxicity Tests for Regulatory Purposes, M.G. Nipper
    PART FOUR: THE FUTURE - RESEARCH CHALLENGES
    Microscale Testing in Aquatic Toxicology: Conclusions and Future Directions, K. Lee, P.G. Wells, and C. Blaise
    Glossary
    Indexes

    Biography

    Peter G. Wells (Environment Canada, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada) (Edited by) ,  Kenneth Lee (Edited by) ,  Christian Blaise (Environment Canada) (Edited by)