1st Edition
Marine Products for Healthcare Functional and Bioactive Nutraceutical Compounds from the Ocean
Considered Mother Nature’s medicine cabinet in many areas of the world, marine organisms have been known from time immemorial to possess curative powers. But until recently, their bioactive compounds, nutraceutical properties, and commercial potential remained undiscovered. Bringing together widely scattered literature, Marine Products for Healthcare: Functional and Bioactive Nutraceutical Compounds from the Ocean discusses the importance of marine products as a source of nutraceuticals, food additives, and other useful ingredients in health protection and product formulation
The book begins with a discussion of the general characteristics of functional foods and an overview of the functionality of marine fishery products. It includes detailed discussions on nutraceutical and other functional properties of their seafood components including proteins, bioactive peptides, polyunsaturated fatty acids, polysaccharides, chondroitin, carotenoids, minerals, and shell waste products. Other chapters examine the role of seaweeds as food supplements, additives, and bioactive compounds; microalgae and corals rich in nutrients, pigments, and therapeutic agents; and secondary metabolites of corals, particularly sponges, that have potential as lifesaving drugs. The book also explores recent developments in food fortification, packaging, and drug delivery systems with particular reference with marine ingredients and concludes with a delineation of the safety hazards posed by some marine products.
The science of discovering health promoting compounds from marine sources and techniques for extracting and purifying these chemicals is advancing. More than just a review of the science and market base available for the development of marine nutraceutical/functional food, this book provides a greater understanding of how consumer attitude and legal concerns will impact the kind of products that can be made.
Functional Foods: An Overview
Introduction
Functionality of Food and Food Components
Role of Diet in Health Protection
Nutraceuticals
Functional Food
Marine Products as Functional Food: An Overview
References
Marine Habitat and Resources
Introduction
The Marine Environment
Marine Fishery Products
Coral Reef and Corals
Seaweed
Microalgae
Marine Bacteria
References
Seafood Proteins: Functional Properties and Protein Supplements
Introduction
Seafood Proteins as Dietary Component
Protein Content of Raw Fish Muscle
Functional Properties of Proteins
Physical Functions of Proteins in Food
Functionality of Seafood Proteins
Functionally Active Marine Protein Supplements
Fish Protein Powders
Fermented Fish Products
Animal Feed
Marine Connective Tissue Proteins
Some Seafood Products of Consumer Interest
References
Seafood Proteins: Nutritional Value, Bioactive Peptides, Marine and Cold-Adapted Enzymes
Introduction
Dietary Protein Requirements
Nutritive Value of Proteins
Nutritive Value of Seafood Proteins
Nutritive Value of Marine Protein Supplements
Bioactive Peptides
Bioactive Peptides from Seafood
Marine Enzymes
Antifreeze Proteins
Cold-Adapted Enzymes
Commercial Status
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Therapeutic Functions
Introduction
Marine Lipids
Oxidation of Fatty Acids
Nutritional Value of Lipids
Omega-3 PUFA-Rich Oils from Marine Fish
Squalene
Commercial Aspects
References
Seafood Processing Wastes: Chitin, Chitosan, and Other Compounds
Introduction
Major Compounds from Shellfi sh Processing Wastes
Chitin
Chitosan
Enzymes Degrading Chitin and Chitosan
Glucosamine
Shark Cartilage and Chondroitin Sulfate
Commercial Products
References
Cartotenoids
Introduction
General Properties
Units and Requirements
Marine Sources of Carotenoids
Isolation and Characterization
Bioavailability of Carotenoids
Functional Roles of Carotenoids
Benefi ts of Dietary Carotenoids
Commercial Status
References
Marine Sources of Vitamins and Minerals
Introduction
Vitamins
Minerals
Bone Health in Humans
Commercial Products
References
Seaweed: Nutritional Value, Bioactive Properties, and Uses
Introduction
Processing of Seaweed
Identification of Seaweed
Proximate Composition
Dietary Fiber
Industrial Uses of Seaweed
Farming of Seaweed
Commercial Products
Regulatory Status
References
Seaweed Hydrocolloids
Introduction
General Functional Properties of Seaweed Hydrocolloids
Agar
Alginate
Carrageenan
Fucoidan
Laminarin
Commercial Status
References
Marine Microalgae, Other Microorganisms, and Corals
Introduction
Marine Microalgae
Major Components from Microalgae
Bioactive Compounds from Microalgae
Cultivation of Microalgae
Some Specifi c Examples of Algae
Microalgae as Feed for Aquaculture
Marine Bacteria
Coral Reefs and Corals
Commercial Status
References
Drugs and Pharmaceuticals from Marine Sources
Introduction
Prospects of Finding Drugs from Marine Organisms
Marine Products Having Potential Bioactive Compounds
Marine Biotechnology
Development of Marine Drugs
Global Interests and Commercial Status
References
Marine Nutraceuticals for Food Fortifi cation and Enrichment
Introduction
Dietary Guidelines
Supplementation
Food Fortification and Enrichment
Some Examples of Food Fortification
Marine Ingredients for Food Fortification and Supplementation
Commercial Status
References
Marine Macromolecules as Nutraceutical Carriers and Biofilms
Introduction
Functions of a Delivery System
Matrix Design for Delivery of Nutraceuticals
Encapsulation
Some Novel Delivery Systems
Encapsulation of Marine Ingredients
Biodegradable and Edible Films
Marine Macromolecules as Food Coatings and Edible Films
Nanotechnology
Hydrogels and Membranes for Therapeutic Applications
Commercial Status
References
Safety Hazards with Marine Products and Their Control
Introduction
Food-Borne Hazards
Types of Hazards of Marine Products
Control of Hazards
References
Appendix
Index
Biography
Vazhiyil Venugopal