1st Edition
Machinery Condition Monitoring Principles and Practices
Find the Fault in the Machines
Drawing on the author’s more than two decades of experience with machinery condition monitoring and consulting for industries in India and abroad, Machinery Condition Monitoring: Principles and Practices introduces the practicing engineer to the techniques used to effectively detect and diagnose faults in machines. Providing the working principle behind the instruments, the important elements of machines as well as the technique to understand their conditions, this text presents every available method of machine fault detection occurring in machines in general, and rotating machines in particular.
A Single-Source Solution for Practice Machinery Conditioning Monitoring
Since vibration is one of the most widely used fault detection techniques, the book offers an assessment of vibration analysis and rotor-dynamics. It also covers the techniques of wear and debris analysis, and motor current signature analysis to detect faults in rotating mechanical systems as well as thermography, the nondestructive test NDT techniques (ultrasonics and radiography), and additional methods. The author includes relevant case studies from his own experience spanning over the past 20 years, and detailing practical fault diagnosis exercises involving various industries ranging from steel and cement plants to gas turbine driven frigates. While mathematics is kept to a minimum, he also provides worked examples and MATLAB® codes.
This book contains 15 chapters and provides topical information that includes:
- A brief overview of the maintenance techniques
- Fundamentals of machinery vibration and rotor dynamics
- Basics of signal processing and instrumentation, which are essential for monitoring the health of machines
- Requirements of vibration monitoring and noise monitoring
- Electrical machinery faults
- Thermography for condition monitoring
- Techniques of wear debris analysis and some of the nondestructive test (NDT) techniques for condition monitoring like ultrasonics and radiography
- Machine tool condition monitoring
- Engineering failure analysis
- Several case studies, mostly on failure analysis, from the author’s consulting experience
Machinery Condition Monitoring: Principles and Practices
presents the latest techniques in fault diagnosis and prognosis, provides many real-life practical examples, and empowers you to diagnose the faults in machines all on your own.Introduction
Machinery Condition Monitoring
Present Status
Fault Prognosis
Future Needs
Principles of Maintenance
Introduction
Reactive Maintenance
Preventive Maintenance
Predictive Maintenance
Enterprise Resource Planning
Bath Tub Curve
Failure Modes Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA)
Fundamentals of Machinery Vibration
Introduction
Single Degree-of-Freedom Motion
Forced Vibration Response
Base Excitation
Force Transmissibility and Vibration Isolation
Tuned Vibration Absorber
Unbalanced Response
Characteristics of Vibrating Systems
Vibration of Continuous Systems
Mode Shapes and Operational Deflection Shapes
Experimental Modal Analysis
Rotordynamics
Introduction
Simple Rigid Rotor-Disc System
Unbalance Response and Critical Speed
Journal Bearings
Oil Whirl and Oil Whip
Squeeze Film Dampers
Condition Monitoring in Large Rotor Systems
Digital Signal Processing
Introduction
Classification of Signals
Signal Analysis
Frequency Domain Signal Analysis
Fundamentals of Fast Fourier Transform
Computer-Aided Data Acquisition
Signal Conditioning
Signal Demodulation
Cepstrum Analysis
Examples
Instrumentation
Introduction
Measurement Standards
Measurement Errors
Calibration Principles
Static and Dynamic Measurements
Frequency Response
Dynamic Range
Basic Measuring Equipment
Vibration
Force Measurements
Rotational Speed
Noise Measurements
Temperature Measurements
Laser-Based Measurements
Current Measurements
Chemical Composition Measurement
Ultrasonic Thickness Measurement
Data Recorders
Vibration Monitoring
Principles of Vibration Monitoring
Misalignment Detection
Eccentricity Detection
Cracked Shaft
Bowed and Bent Shaft
Unbalanced Shaft
Looseness
Rub
Bearing Defects
Gear Fault
Faults in Fluid Machines
Noise Monitoring
Introduction
Acoustical Terminology
Noise Sources
Sound Fields
Anechoic Chamber
Reverberation Chamber
Noise Measurements
Noise Source Identification
Electrical Machinery Faults
Introduction
Construction of an Electric Motor
Faults in Electric Motor
Fault Detection in Electric Motors
MCSA for Fault Detection in Electrical Motors
Instrumentation for Motor Current Signature Analysis
Fault Detection in Mechanical Systems by MCSA
MCSA for Fault Detection in any Rotating Machine
Fault Detection in Power Supply Transformers
Fault Detection in Switchgear Devices
Thermography
Introduction
Thermal Imaging Devices
Use of IR Camera
Industrial Applications of Thermography
Applications of Thermography in Condition Monitoring
Wear Debris Analysis
Introduction
Mechanisms of Wear
Detection of Wear Particles
Common Wear Materials
Oil Sampling Technique
Oil Analysis
Limits of Oil Analysis
Other Methods in Condition Monitoring
Introduction
Eddy Current Testing
Ultrasonic Testing
Radiography
Acoustic Emission
Machine Tool Condition Monitoring
Introduction
Tool Wear
Sensor Fusion in Tool Condition Monitoring
Sensors for Tool Condition Monitoring
A Tool Condition Monitoring System
Other Manufacturing Operations
Engineering Failure Analysis
Introduction
Overview of Failure Analysis
Failure Modes
Failure Analysis
Failure Analysis Sampling Guide
Case Studies
Introduction
Bend Pulley Failure Analysis
Root Cause Analysis of Torsion Shaft Failure in a Cement Plant
Failure Analysis of a Conveyor System Support Structure
Vibration Measurements on a Motor-Multistage Gearbox Drive Set
Bibliography
Appendices
Index
Biography
Amiya R. Mohanty has been a faculty member at the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India, since 1996, and is currently a professor of mechanical engineering. He has a B.ScEngg (Hons) in mechanical engineering from the National Institute of Technology, Rourkela. He holds a master’s degree in machine design specialization from the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, and a PhD in the area of noise control from the University of Kentucky in the United States. Prof. Mohanty is a fellow of the Acoustical Society of India. He has consulted more than 50 companies, and published more than 100 journal articles.
"This book brings together condition monitoring content in a single text, a definite improvement over the single discipline-based texts that are currently on the market. The approachable writing style and limited use of equations make the text desirable reading for the practitioner, not just the academic reader. …The signal processing sections provide a succinct and effective overview to a subject matter that baffles the typical mechanical engineering or engineering technology student. The examples focus on real data and how to set up DSP for good practical results."
—Nancy L. Denton, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA"The author presents an unbiased coverage of signal processing and instrumentation, without unwarranted focus on any particular technique, process, instrument or piece of equipment. …This work is obviously based on extensive knowledge and experience as an engineering researcher and consultant. …Like the author, I have struggled to find one suitable resource book on this broad subject. In my opinion, this book will solve that problem for a significant number of instructors as well as practitioners of machine condition monitoring."
—Chris Mechefske, Queen’s University, Ontario, Canada