1st Edition
Lone Wolf and Autonomous Cell Terrorism
President Obama has declared that the greatest terrorist threat which America faces is attacks by lone wolf terrorists. This volume expands the lone wolf rubric to include autonomous cells: small groups of terrorists who cooperate, but operate independently. The challenge presented by lone wolves and autonomous cells, unlike the threat emanating from established terrorist groups like Al Qaeda, has proven intractable because of the difficulty of gathering intelligence on these actors or effectively countering their actions. Lone wolves operate under the radar, staging deadly attacks such as that at the Boston Marathon, and the 2011 attacks in Norway. This volume includes Theory and Policy Studies, individual case studies and the technological impacts of chemical, biological and nuclear weapons as well as the impact of social media in the process of recruitment and radicalization.
This book was originally published as a special issue of Terrorism & Political Violence.
1. Introduction
Jeffrey Kaplan, Heléne Lööw & Leena Malkki
Theory and Policy Studies
2. On Tribalism: Auxiliaries, Affiliates, and Aspirational Political Violence
Christopher Costa & Jeffrey Kaplan
3. Counterinsurgency and Lone Wolf Terrorism
George Michael
4. Law Enforcement Tactics and their Effectiveness in dealing with American Terrorism: Organizations, Autonomous Cells, and Lone Wolves
Christopher Hewitt
5. Toward a profile of lone-wolf terrorists: What moves an individual from radical opinion to radical action
Clark McCauley & Sophia Moskalenko
Case Studies
6. The Pre-1914 Anarchist "Lone Wolf" Terrorist and Governmental Responses
Richard Bach Jensen
7. Men in Black: Dynamics, Violence, and Lone Wolf Potential
José Pedro Zúquete
8. Lone Wolf Islamic Terrorism: Abdulhakim Mujahid Muhammad (Carlos Bledsoe) Case Study
Daveed Gartenstein-Ross
9. Crusader Dreams: Oslo 22/7, Islamophobia, and the Quest for a Monocultural Europe
Mattias Gardell
10. Hatred of the System: Menacing Loners and Autonomous Cells in the Netherlands
Jelle van Buuren & Beatrice de Graaf
11. Political Elements in Post-Columbine School Shootings in Europe and North America
Leena Malkki
Technological Impacts
12. Lone Wolf Terrorism and Weapons of Mass Destruction: An Examination of Capabilities and Countermeasures
Patrick D. Ellis
13. An Army of One: Assessing CBRN Pursuit and Use by Lone Wolves and Autonomous Cells
Gary A. Ackerman & Lauren E. Pinson
14. Detecting Linguistic Markers for Radical Violence in Social Media
Katie Cohen, Fredrik Johansson, Lisa Kaati & Jonas Clausen Mork
Biography
Jeffrey Kaplan is based in the Department of Religious Studies and Anthropology; and Institute for the Study of Religion, Violence, and Memory at the University of Wisconsin, Oshkosh, USA.
Heléne Lööw is based in the Department of History at Uppsala University, Sweden.
Leena Malkki is based at the Network for European Studies at the University of Helsinki, Finland.
