1st Edition

Ion-Pair Chromatography and Related Techniques

By Teresa Cecchi Copyright 2010
    215 Pages 24 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    216 Pages 24 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    Ion-Pair Chromatography (IPC) is a rapidly evolving method for difficult analyses of organic and inorganic ions and ionogenic, neutral, and zwitterionic compounds. The possibilities for this technology continue to grow as novel ion-pair reagents and strategies are introduced at an accelerated level. Compensating for a dearth in the literature, Ion-Pair Chromatography and Related Techniques details the basics and the evolution of this established and easily tunable technique and explains its influence on similar methods.

    Theoretical modeling to application

    Providing a thorough exploration of the multiplicity of interactions involved in an IPC system, this book emphasizes the progress from theoretical modeling to application. It explores the practical potential of IPC in the life science, medicine, pharmacology, forensic, food, and environmental sectors. It examines the upgrade of column technology and instrumentation to improve data quality and to increase sample throughput. The book also compares IPC to other instrumental methods of analysis and discusses the rising importance of the ion-pair concept in different analytical techniques.

    Future endeavors

    IPC has the potential to have lasting impact in the field of chromatography. Distilling the knowledge gained from preeminent research, this volume is a critical resource that is destined to stimulate future endeavors by separation scientists working in the area of high performance liquid chromatography.

    Introduction

    Electrolyte Solutions and Historical Concept of Ion-Pairing

    Phenomenological Treatment

    Ion–Solvent Interactions

    Ion–Ion Aspecific Interactions

    Interactions of Ions with Non-Electrolytes

    Critical Review of History of Theoretical Treatments of Ion-Pairing

    Thermodynamic Properties of Ion-Pairs

    Techniques for Studying Ion Pairing

    Retention Modeling as Function of Mobile Phase Composition

    Theoretical Models of Ion-Pair Chromatography (IPC)

    Empirical Models of IPC

    Modeling of Retention as a Function of Analyte Nature

    Stationary Phases

    Reversed Phase IPC

    Normal Phase IPC and Other Stationary Phases

    Developments in Column Technology and Fast IPC

    Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography (U-HPLC)

    Monolithic Columns

    Ion-Pair Reagents

    Traditional IPRs

    Volatile IPRs

    Chaotropic Salts

    Ionic Liquid-Based IPRs

    Unusual IPRs

    IPR Counter Ions

    Organic Modifiers

    Organic Modifier Concentration in Eluent

    Nature of Organic Modifier

    Gradient Elution

    Role of Eluent pH in IPC

    IPC versus RP-HPLC

    pH-Dependent Silanol Ionization

    Temperature

    Influence of Temperature on Column Efficiency

    Influence of Temperature on Selectivity under RP-HPLC and IPC Conditions

    Special IPC Modes and Variations

    Mixture of Different IPRs in Mobile Phase

    Permanently Coated Columns

    IPRs Added Only to Sample Solution and Ghost Peaks

    Special Additives in Mobile Phase

    Modification of Eluent Ionic Strength at Constant IPR Concentration

    Detection and Combination

    UV-Vis Detectors

    Fluorescence Detectors

    Electrical Conductivity Detectors

    Electrochemical Detectors

    Evaporative Light Scattering Detectors

    Unusual Detectors

    Hyphenated Techniques

    Examples of Applications

    Inorganic and Organometallic Species

    Food Analysis

    Life Science and Medicine

    Pharmaceutical, Toxicological and Clinical Analysis

    Environmental Analysis

    Enantiomeric Separations

    IPC versus Competitive Techniques

    Ion-Pairing in Different Analytical Techniques

    Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) and Related Techniques

    Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC) and Other Techniques

    UV-Visible Spectrophotometry

    Extraction and Sample Preparation

    Non-Separative Applications of IPC

    Conclusions and Future Research Needs

     

     

    Biography

    Teresa Cecchi earned a Ph.D. in chemistry from Camerino University in Italy in 1997. She focused on environmental chemistry at Institute Fresenius Gruppe, Germany and served as a consultant to food chemistry laboratories. After working as a researcher at Camerino University on the SUPREME project titled "Pigmentation in South American Camelids," she concentrated on ion pairing chromatography; her major research interests encompass many aspects of this technique including retention modeling, unusual analytes such as zwitterions, and application of this technique to non-separative functions. Dr. Cecchi’s career and studies also span the fields of food packaging chemistry, natural dyes, electrochemistry, and the antioxidant activities of nutraceuticals. She acted as the organizer of a research group at Istituto Tecnico Industriale Statale (It is) Montani in Italy and taught as a contract professor at La Sapienza University in Rome. She is currently a contract professor on the Faculty of Science and Technology at Camerino University, teaching master’s level courses in chemistry and advanced chemical methodologies and a professor of analytical chemistry at ITIS Montani. Dr. Cecchi is also involved in "Teaching of Experimental Sciences" and "Scientific Master Degrees," two projects whose purposes are, respectively, to improve the methodologies of teaching physical sciences, and to encourage students to study scientific subjects. She is the author of over 50 research articles, reviews, congress lectures, and other communications and was the corresponding author of an article that received an award from the Italian Research Evaluation Panel.

    "… provides a broad coverage of the subject of IPC with regard to theoretical features, the parameters influencing the results and the applications. The reader will find a discussion of all aspects of IPC, beginning with the theoretical basis of this technique and its retention mechanism. The author introduces to the reader all the issues connected with stationary phases, ionpair reagents, organic modifiers, the pH of the eluent, temperature, and various detection techniques which may be used in IPC. One can also find much practical advice on how to start with IPC and how to improve results by the use of IPC."
    Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, April 2012