2nd Edition

Introduction to Engineering Mechanics A Continuum Approach, Second Edition

    462 Pages 444 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

     

    Integrated Mechanics Knowledge Essential for Any Engineer

    Introduction to Engineering Mechanics: A Continuum Approach, Second Edition uses continuum mechanics to showcase the connections between engineering structure and design and between solids and fluids and helps readers learn how to predict the effects of forces, stresses, and strains. The authors’ "continuum checklist" provides a framework for a wide variety of problems in solid and fluid mechanics. The essence of continuum mechanics, the internal response of materials to external loading, is often obscured by the complex mathematics of its formulation. By gradually building the formulations from one-dimensional to two- and three-dimensional, the authors help students develop a physical intuition for solid and fluid behavior and for the very interesting behavior of those materials including many biomaterials, between these extremes. This text is an accessible first introduction to the mechanics of all engineering materials, and incorporates a wide range of case studies highlighting the relevance of the technical content in societal, historical, ethical, and global contexts. It also offers a useful perspective for engineers concerned with biomedical, civil, chemical, mechanical, or other applications.

    New in the Second Edition:

    The latest edition contains significantly more examples, problems, and case studies than the first edition.

    The 22 chapters in this text:

    • Define and present the template for the continuum approach
    • Introduce strain and stress in one dimension, develop a constitutive law, and apply these concepts to the simple case of an axially loaded bar
    • Extend the concepts to higher dimensions by introducing the Poisson’s ratio and strain and stress tensors
    • Apply the continuum sense of solid mechanics to problems including torsion, pressure vessels, beams, and columns
    • Make connections between solid and fluid mechanics, introducing properties of fluids and strain rate tensor
    • Address fluid statics
    • Consider applications in fluid mechanics
    • Develop the governing equations in both control volume and differential forms
    • Emphasize real-world design applications

    Introduction to Engineering Mechanics: A Continuum Approach, Second Edition provides a thorough understanding of how materials respond to loading: how solids deform and incur stress and how fluids flow. It introduces the fundamentals of solid and fluid mechanics, illustrates the mathematical connections between these fields, and emphasizes their diverse real-life applications. The authors also provide historical context for the ideas they describe and offer hints for future use.

    Introduction

    A Motivating Example: Remodeling an Underwater Structure

    Newton’s Laws: The First Principles of Mechanics

    Equilibrium

    Definition of a Continuum

    Some Mathematical Basics: Scalars and Vectors

    Problem-solving

    Examples

    Strain and Stress in One Dimension

    Kinematics: Strain

    The Method of Sections and Stress

    Stress–Strain Relationships

    Limiting Behavior

    Equilibrium

    Stress in Axially Loaded Bars

    Deformation of Axially Loaded Bars

    Equilibrium of an Axially Loaded Bar

    Statically Indeterminate Bars

    Thermal Effects

    Saint-Venant’s Principle and Stress Concentrations

    Strain Energy in One Dimension

    Properties of Engineering Materials

    A Road Map for Strength of Materials

    Examples

    Case Study 1: Collapse of the Kansas City Hyatt Regency Walkways

    Strain and Stress in Higher Dimensions

    Poisson’s Ratio

    The Strain Tensor

    The Stress Tensor

    Generalized Hooke’s Law

    Equilibrium

    Formulating Two-Dimensional Elasticity Problems

    Examples

    Applying Strain and Stress in Multiple Dimensions

    Torsion

    Pressure Vessels

    Transformation of Stress and Strain

    Failure Prediction Criteria

    Examples

    Case Study 2: Pressure Vessels

    Why Pressure Vessels Are Spheres and Cylinders?

    Why Do Pressure Vessels Fail?

    Beams

    Calculation of Reactions

    Method of Sections: Axial Force, Shear, Bending Moment

    Shear and Bending Moment Diagrams

    Integration Methods for Shear and Bending Moment

    Normal Stresses in Beams and Geometric Properties of Sections

    Shear Stresses in Beams

    Examples

    Case Study 3: Physiological Levers and Repairs

    The Forearm Is Connected to the Elbow Joint

    Fixing an Intertrochanteric Fracture

    Beam Deflections

    Governing Equation

    Boundary Conditions

    Beam Deflections by Integration and by Superposition

    Discontinuity Functions

    Beams with Non-Constant Cross-Section

    Statically Indeterminate Beams

    Beams with Elastic Supports

    Strain Energy for Bent Beams

    Deflections by Castigliano’s Second Theorem

    Examples

    Case Study 4: Truss-Braced Airplane Wings

    Modeling and Analysis

    What Does Our Model Tell Us?

    Conclusions

    Instability: Column Buckling

    Euler’s Formula

    Effect of Eccentricity

    Examples

    Case Study 5: Hartford Civic Arena

    Connecting Solid and Fluid Mechanics

    Pressure

    Viscosity

    Surface Tension

    Governing Laws

    Motion and Deformation of Fluids

    Examples

    Case Study 6: Mechanics of Biomaterials

    Nonlinearity

    Composite Materials

    Viscoelasticity

    Case Study 7: Engineered Composite Materials

    Concrete

    Plastics

    Ceramics

    Fluid Statics

    Local Pressure

    Force due to Pressure

    Fluids at Rest

    Forces on Submerged Surfaces

    Buoyancy

    Examples

    Case Study 8: St. Francis Dam

    Fluid Dynamics: Governing Equations

    Description of Fluid Motion

    Equations of Fluid Motion

    Integral Equations of Motion

    Differential Equations of Motion

    Bernoulli Equation

    Examples

    Case Study 9: China’s Three Gorges Dam

    Fluid Dynamics: Applications

    How Do We Classify Fluid Flows?

    What Is Going on Inside Pipes?

    Why Can an Airplane Fly?

    Why Does a Curveball Curve?

    Case Study 10: Living with Water, and the Role of Technological Culture

    Solid Dynamics: Governing Equations

    Continuity, or Mass Conservation

    Newton’s Second Law, or Momentum Conservation

    Constitutive Laws: Elasticity

    References

    Appendix A: Second Moments of Area

    Appendix B: A Quick Look at the del Operator

    Appendix C: Property Tables

    Appendix D: All the Equations

    Index

    Biography

    Jenn Stroud Rossmann is an associate professor of mechanical engineering at Lafayette College. She earned her BS and PhD from the University of California, Berkeley. Her research interests include the study of blood flow in vessels affected by atherosclerosis and aneurysms. She has a strong commitment to teaching engineering methods and values to non-engineers, and she has developed several courses and workshops for liberal arts majors.

    Clive L. Dym served as Fletcher Jones Professor of Engineering Design for 21 years, and is now professor emeritus of engineering, at Harvey Mudd College. He earned his BS from Cooper Union and his PhD from Stanford University. His primary interests are in engineering design and structural mechanics. He is the author of 18 books and has edited 11 others, including Analytical Estimates of Structural Behavior (with Harry Williams), CRC Press, 2012. Among his awards are the Merryfield Design Award (ASEE, 2002), the Spira Outstanding Design Educator Award (ASME, 2004), and the Gordon Prize (NAE, 2012).

    Lori Bassman is a professor of engineering and director of the Laspa Fellowship Program in applied mechanics at Harvey Mudd College. She earned her BSE at Princeton University and her PhD at Stanford. Through a visiting appointment at the University of New South Wales in Australia, she pursues her research in physical metallurgy, and her other research interests include computational modeling of bird flight biomechanics.

    "This unique book by Rossmann, Dym, and Bassman provides an integrated foundation in solid and fluid mechanics that underpins a range of fields from bioengineering to water resources to aerospace design. Rather than being rooted in a particular engineering discipline (such as mechanical or civil), the book highlights the fundamental nature of continuum mechanics that makes it relevant to all engineers. With traditional disciplinary boundaries being crossed and new disciplines being created, this approach is just what is needed for today’s engineer."
    —Andrew J. Guswa, Picker Engineering Program, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, USA

    "This book would be a good textbook for engineering mechanics and biomechanics courses. It provides a concise description of solid and fluid mechanics using a continuum perspective. The book is written by building gradually from one-dimensional to two- and three-dimensional formulations, and by including illustrative and interesting real-world case study examples. … a unified introduction to solid and fluid mechanics and the connection between them."
    —Professor Long-yuan Li, University of Plymouth, UK

    "… a very good mix of conceptual approaches and hands on examples. It covers concisely the most important topics without getting lost in too many specialty cases and examples. Compared to other classical books that spend most of the time on beam bending, this book covers the concepts of how forces act on matter in a generally applicable way which gives students a good feeling for what is going on inside the material rather than just how to use the formulas. The book also introduces some nice and very powerful techniques such as singularity functions that are often missing in other introductory books."
    —Prof. Georg E. Fantner, École Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne