198 Pages
by
CRC Press
184 Pages
by
CRC Press
Also available as eBook on:
About the Book
Managing biosolids for reuse and not for disposal is the focus of this book. The emphasis is placed on environmental compliance where the goal is the processing of treated biosolids to the production of a waste product (biosolids ash) that has been discarded in the past and to demonstrate that this particular waste byproduct has some value. When biosolids ash is managed for reuse and is not disposed of in the traditional manner, all sides win, including the environment.
Preface, Acknowledgments
Part I - Fundamental Concepts
Introduction
History of Biosolids Reuse
Terminology
Definition of Key Terms
Scope of Text
Regulatory Requirements
Requirements of EPA's 503 Regulations
Biosolids Incineration
Metal Emissions
Beryllium and Mercury - Lead - Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, and Nickel - Total Hydrocarbons (THC) Control
Case Study
Overview of Evaluation - Preliminary Procedure - Testing Procedure
Management Practices Required for Part 503 Compliance
Monitoring and Recording - Frequency of Monitoring - Recordkeeping - Reporting - Implementation - Required Application Information
Biosolids: Composition, Treatment, and Management Options
Composition of Biosolids
Biosolids - Solids Concentration
Biosolids Treatment
Biosolids Unit Processes
Biosolids Management Options
Combustion Theory
Principles of Combustion
Biosolids Incineration
Types of Incinerators
Multiple-Hearth Furnaces (MHF)
Fluid-Bed Furnace (FBF)
Cyclonic Furnace
Electric Furnace
Comparison of Furnace Types
Part II - Practical Concepts of Multiple-Hearth Furnace
Description of Multiple-Hearth Furnace
Introduction
Solids Calculation
Description of Multiple-Hearth Furnace
Hearths and Insulation
Center Shaft and Drive Mechanism - Shaft Drive Assembly - Rabble Arms - Induced Draft Fan (I. D. Fan) - Scrubber System - Precooler - Venturi Scrubber - Impingement Scrubber - Ash Handling System - Burners - Combustion Air - Fuel Oil Storage and Natural Gas Input - Oxygen Analyzer - Biosolids Storage Tanks - Polymer System - Centrifuges - Feed Biosolids Belt Conveyor - Feed Cake Weigh Scale - Instrument Air System - Scum Concentrator - Furnace Central Control Console
Summary
Operation of Multiple-Hearth Furnace
Operation of MHF
Furnace Zones - Auxiliary Fuel - Draft - Combustion - Air - Alarm System - Burnout - Shaft Speed and Its Effect on Incineration - Operating Tips - Scrubber Operation and Adjustment - Operating Tips: Scrubber System - Burner and Fuel Supply Equipment - Operation on Natural Gas
Recordkeeping Requirements
Preventive Maintenance Practices: Multiple-Hearth Furnace
Maintenance Management System (MMS): The HRSD Model
Maintenance Management System Procedures - Benefits Obtained from Utilizing MMS - MMS and Training - MMS and Types of Maintenance Actions - MMS and Its Major Component Systems - MMS Report Forms
MMS & The Multiple-Hearth Furnace
The MMS Schedule for the Multiple-Hearth Furnace
Summary
Part III - Safety Considerations
Safety Considerations for Operation & Maintenance of the MHF
Standard Safety Precautions
Personal Protective Equipment
System Safety Devices
Pressure Vessels
Housekeeping
Protective Clothing
Electrical Safety
Lockout/Tagout Procedures
Protecting Potable Water and Compressed Air Systems
Outside Workers
Furnace Maintenance and Confined Space Entry
Part IV - Ash Management and Reuse
Ash Disposal versus Reuse
Biosolids Ash to Novelty Products: An Example
Biosolids Ash to Shoreline Erosion Control Devices: An Example
Case Study
Seabee Monitoring Project James River Estuary, Virginia
Summary
References, Index
Part I - Fundamental Concepts
Introduction
History of Biosolids Reuse
Terminology
Definition of Key Terms
Scope of Text
Regulatory Requirements
Requirements of EPA's 503 Regulations
Biosolids Incineration
Metal Emissions
Beryllium and Mercury - Lead - Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, and Nickel - Total Hydrocarbons (THC) Control
Case Study
Overview of Evaluation - Preliminary Procedure - Testing Procedure
Management Practices Required for Part 503 Compliance
Monitoring and Recording - Frequency of Monitoring - Recordkeeping - Reporting - Implementation - Required Application Information
Biosolids: Composition, Treatment, and Management Options
Composition of Biosolids
Biosolids - Solids Concentration
Biosolids Treatment
Biosolids Unit Processes
Biosolids Management Options
Combustion Theory
Principles of Combustion
Biosolids Incineration
Types of Incinerators
Multiple-Hearth Furnaces (MHF)
Fluid-Bed Furnace (FBF)
Cyclonic Furnace
Electric Furnace
Comparison of Furnace Types
Part II - Practical Concepts of Multiple-Hearth Furnace
Description of Multiple-Hearth Furnace
Introduction
Solids Calculation
Description of Multiple-Hearth Furnace
Hearths and Insulation
Center Shaft and Drive Mechanism - Shaft Drive Assembly - Rabble Arms - Induced Draft Fan (I. D. Fan) - Scrubber System - Precooler - Venturi Scrubber - Impingement Scrubber - Ash Handling System - Burners - Combustion Air - Fuel Oil Storage and Natural Gas Input - Oxygen Analyzer - Biosolids Storage Tanks - Polymer System - Centrifuges - Feed Biosolids Belt Conveyor - Feed Cake Weigh Scale - Instrument Air System - Scum Concentrator - Furnace Central Control Console
Summary
Operation of Multiple-Hearth Furnace
Operation of MHF
Furnace Zones - Auxiliary Fuel - Draft - Combustion - Air - Alarm System - Burnout - Shaft Speed and Its Effect on Incineration - Operating Tips - Scrubber Operation and Adjustment - Operating Tips: Scrubber System - Burner and Fuel Supply Equipment - Operation on Natural Gas
Recordkeeping Requirements
Preventive Maintenance Practices: Multiple-Hearth Furnace
Maintenance Management System (MMS): The HRSD Model
Maintenance Management System Procedures - Benefits Obtained from Utilizing MMS - MMS and Training - MMS and Types of Maintenance Actions - MMS and Its Major Component Systems - MMS Report Forms
MMS & The Multiple-Hearth Furnace
The MMS Schedule for the Multiple-Hearth Furnace
Summary
Part III - Safety Considerations
Safety Considerations for Operation & Maintenance of the MHF
Standard Safety Precautions
Personal Protective Equipment
System Safety Devices
Pressure Vessels
Housekeeping
Protective Clothing
Electrical Safety
Lockout/Tagout Procedures
Protecting Potable Water and Compressed Air Systems
Outside Workers
Furnace Maintenance and Confined Space Entry
Part IV - Ash Management and Reuse
Ash Disposal versus Reuse
Biosolids Ash to Novelty Products: An Example
Biosolids Ash to Shoreline Erosion Control Devices: An Example
Case Study
Seabee Monitoring Project James River Estuary, Virginia
Summary
References, Index
Biography
Frank R. Spellman (Spellman Environmental Consultants, Norfolk, Virginia, USA) (Author)