1st Edition

Incinerating Biosolids

By Frank R. Spellman Copyright 1997

    About the Book
    Managing biosolids for reuse and not for disposal is the focus of this book. The emphasis is placed on environmental compliance where the goal is the processing of treated biosolids to the production of a waste product (biosolids ash) that has been discarded in the past and to demonstrate that this particular waste byproduct has some value. When biosolids ash is managed for reuse and is not disposed of in the traditional manner, all sides win, including the environment.

    Preface, Acknowledgments
    Part I - Fundamental Concepts
    Introduction
    History of Biosolids Reuse
    Terminology
    Definition of Key Terms
    Scope of Text
    Regulatory Requirements
    Requirements of EPA's 503 Regulations
    Biosolids Incineration
    Metal Emissions
    Beryllium and Mercury - Lead - Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, and Nickel - Total Hydrocarbons (THC) Control
    Case Study
    Overview of Evaluation - Preliminary Procedure - Testing Procedure
    Management Practices Required for Part 503 Compliance
    Monitoring and Recording - Frequency of Monitoring - Recordkeeping - Reporting - Implementation - Required Application Information
    Biosolids: Composition, Treatment, and Management Options
    Composition of Biosolids
    Biosolids - Solids Concentration
    Biosolids Treatment
    Biosolids Unit Processes
    Biosolids Management Options
    Combustion Theory
    Principles of Combustion
    Biosolids Incineration
    Types of Incinerators
    Multiple-Hearth Furnaces (MHF)
    Fluid-Bed Furnace (FBF)
    Cyclonic Furnace
    Electric Furnace
    Comparison of Furnace Types
    Part II - Practical Concepts of Multiple-Hearth Furnace
    Description of Multiple-Hearth Furnace
    Introduction
    Solids Calculation
    Description of Multiple-Hearth Furnace
    Hearths and Insulation
    Center Shaft and Drive Mechanism - Shaft Drive Assembly - Rabble Arms - Induced Draft Fan (I. D. Fan) - Scrubber System - Precooler - Venturi Scrubber - Impingement Scrubber - Ash Handling System - Burners - Combustion Air - Fuel Oil Storage and Natural Gas Input - Oxygen Analyzer - Biosolids Storage Tanks - Polymer System - Centrifuges - Feed Biosolids Belt Conveyor - Feed Cake Weigh Scale - Instrument Air System - Scum Concentrator - Furnace Central Control Console
    Summary
    Operation of Multiple-Hearth Furnace
    Operation of MHF
    Furnace Zones - Auxiliary Fuel - Draft - Combustion - Air - Alarm System - Burnout - Shaft Speed and Its Effect on Incineration - Operating Tips - Scrubber Operation and Adjustment - Operating Tips: Scrubber System - Burner and Fuel Supply Equipment - Operation on Natural Gas
    Recordkeeping Requirements
    Preventive Maintenance Practices: Multiple-Hearth Furnace
    Maintenance Management System (MMS): The HRSD Model
    Maintenance Management System Procedures - Benefits Obtained from Utilizing MMS - MMS and Training - MMS and Types of Maintenance Actions - MMS and Its Major Component Systems - MMS Report Forms
    MMS & The Multiple-Hearth Furnace
    The MMS Schedule for the Multiple-Hearth Furnace
    Summary
    Part III - Safety Considerations
    Safety Considerations for Operation & Maintenance of the MHF
    Standard Safety Precautions
    Personal Protective Equipment
    System Safety Devices
    Pressure Vessels
    Housekeeping
    Protective Clothing
    Electrical Safety
    Lockout/Tagout Procedures
    Protecting Potable Water and Compressed Air Systems
    Outside Workers
    Furnace Maintenance and Confined Space Entry
    Part IV - Ash Management and Reuse
    Ash Disposal versus Reuse
    Biosolids Ash to Novelty Products: An Example
    Biosolids Ash to Shoreline Erosion Control Devices: An Example
    Case Study
    Seabee Monitoring Project James River Estuary, Virginia
    Summary
    References, Index

    Biography

    Frank R. Spellman (Spellman Environmental Consultants, Norfolk, Virginia, USA) (Author)