1st Edition
Hydrodynamics and Transport for Water Quality Modeling
Hydrodynamics and Transport for Water Quality Modeling presents a complete overview of current methods used to describe or predict transport in aquatic systems, with special emphasis on water quality modeling. The book features detailed descriptions of each method, supported by sample applications and case studies drawn from the authors' years of experience in the field. Each chapter examines a variety of modeling approaches, from simple to complex. This unique text/reference offers a wealth of information previously unavailable from a single source.
The book begins with an overview of basic principles, and an introduction to the measurement and analysis of flow. The following section focuses on rivers and streams, including model complexity and data requirements, methods for estimating mixing, hydrologic routing methods, and unsteady flow modeling. The third section considers lakes and reservoirs, and discusses stratification and temperature modeling, mixing methods, reservoir routing and water balances, and dynamic modeling using one-, two-, and three-dimensional models. The book concludes with a section on estuaries, containing topics such as origins and classification, tides, mixing methods, tidally averaged estuary models, and dynamic modeling. Over 250 figures support the text.
This is a valuable guide for students and practicing modelers who do not have extensive backgrounds in fluid dynamics.
Chapter 1. Fundamental Relationships for Flow and Transport
Mechanistic versus Empirical Modeling
General Principles
Physical Properties of Water
Instantaneous Equations for Fluid Flow and Transport
Reynolds Time-Averaged Mean Flow and Transport Equations
Model Complexity: Selection and Development
Data Requirements
Definitions
Dimensionless Numbers
Chapter 2. Measurement and Analysis of Flow
Introduction
Measurement of Velocity and Flow
Measurement of Stage
Computation of Discharge
Tracer Studies
Estimating Design Flows
Appendices
SECTION II. RIVERS AND STREAMS
Chapter 3. Flow Models for Rivers and Streams
Introduction
Flow Model Complexity
Data Requirements
Estimating Mixing in Streams and Rivers
Chapter 4. Non-Hydraulic Methods for Flow Estimation
Flow Relationships
Hydrologic Routing Methods
Chapter 5. Hydraulic Methods for Steady Flows
Steady, Uniform Flows
Hydraulic Methods for Steady, Non-Uniform Flows
Chapter 6. Hydraulic Methods for Unsteady Flows
Introduction
Solution Techniques
Unsteady Flow Methods
Kinematic-Wave Model
Chapter 7. Solutions of Complete Unsteady Flow Models
Explicit Solution of a Link-Node Model
Implicit Solution Using the Four-Point Method
SECTION III. LAKES AND RESERVOIRS
Chapter 8. Stratification and Heat Transfer in Lakes and Reservoirs
Introduction to Lakes and Reservoirs
Origin and Characteristics of Lakes and Reservoirs
Stratification in Lakes and Reservoirs
Temperature Simulation
Ice Formation and Cover
Chapter 9. Mixing in Lakes and Reservoirs
Introduction
Inflow Mixing Processes
Outflow Mixing Processes
Mixing by Wind, Waves, Convective Cooling, and Coriolis Forces
Reservoir Management and Mixing Processes
Chapter 10. Water Balances and Multidimensional Models
Introduction
Water Balance for Lakes and Reservoirs
Zero-Dimensional or Box Models of Lake and Reservoir Quality
One-Dimensional, Longitudinal Models of Lakes and Reservoirs
One-Dimensional, Vertical Models of Lakes and Reservoirs
Two-Dimensional (Laterally Averaged) Models
Two-Dimensional Depth Averaged Models
Three-Dimensional Models
SECTION IV. ESTUARIES
Chapter 11. Introduction to Estuaries
Introduction
General Characteristics of Estuaries
Classification Schemes
Chapter 12. Factors Affecting Transport and Mixing in Estuaries
Introduction
Tides
The Coriolis Force
Fresh Water Inflow
Meteorological Effects
Bathymetry
Model Complexity
Chapter 13. Turbulent Mixing and Dispersion in Estuaries
Eddy Viscosity and Diffusivity
Dispersion in Estuaries
Estimation of Mixing Terms
Chapter 14. Tidally Averaged Estuarine Models
Introduction
Fraction of Freshwater Method
Modified Tidal Prism Method
Pritchard's Method
Lung and O'Connor's Method
Computing Tidal Transport from Measured or Predicted Velocities
Chapter 15. Dynamic Modeling of Estuaries
Introduction
Factors Distinguishing Modeling Approaches
One-Dimensional Models of Estuaries
Two-Dimensional (Horizontal Plane) Models
Two-Dimensional (Vertical Plane) Models
Three-Dimensional Models
Coupling Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Models
Appendices
Biography
Martin, James L.; McCutcheon, Steven C.
