1st Edition

Hydro-Environmental Analysis Freshwater Environments

By James L. Martin Copyright 2014
    568 Pages 432 Color Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    567 Pages 432 Color Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    Focusing on fundamental principles, Hydro-Environmental Analysis: Freshwater Environments presents in-depth information about freshwater environments and how they are influenced by regulation. It provides a holistic approach, exploring the factors that impact water quality and quantity, and the regulations, policy and management methods that are necessary to maintain this vital resource. It offers a historical viewpoint as well as an overview and foundation of the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics affecting the management of freshwater environments.

    The book concentrates on broad and general concepts, providing an interdisciplinary foundation. The author covers the methods of measurement and classification; chemical, physical, and biological characteristics; indicators of ecological health; and management and restoration. He also considers common indicators of environmental health; characteristics and operations of regulatory control structures; applicable laws and regulations; and restoration methods.

    The text delves into rivers and streams in the first half and lakes and reservoirs in the second half. Each section centers on the characteristics of those systems and methods of classification, and then moves on to discuss the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of each. In the section on lakes and reservoirs, it examines the characteristics and operations of regulatory structures, and presents the methods commonly used to assess the environmental health or integrity of these water bodies. It also introduces considerations for restoration, and presents two unique aquatic environments: wetlands and reservoir tailwaters.

    Written from an engineering perspective, the book is an ideal introduction to the aquatic and limnological sciences for students of environmental science, as well as students of environmental engineering.

    It also serves as a reference for engineers and scientists involved in the management, regulation, or restoration of freshwater environments.

    Introduction

    Hydro-Environmental Analysis, or What Is in a Name?

    Hydrologic Cycle

    Patterns in Water Management in the United States

    References

    Part I Rivers and Streams

    Rivers and Streams, Characteristics

    Let the Confusion Begin

    Characteristics of Rivers and Streams

    References

    Regulated Rivers

    Introduction

    Flow Modification Structures

    Channel Modifications

    Watersheds

    Abstractions and Augmentation

    Introduction to U.S. Water Law

    Management Alternatives

    References

    Flows and Transport in Rivers: Measurement and Analysis

    Introduction

    Watershed Impacts

    Stages of Measuring Flow

    Characterization and Analysis of Flow

    Transport Patterns

    Methods for Determining Instream Flow Requirements:

    Environmental Flows

    Selected Water Quality Processes in Rivers and Streams

    Introduction

    Light

    Temperature

    Sedimentation

    Dissolved Oxygen

    pH

    Nutrients

    Toxic Materials.

    References

    Biota of Rivers and Streams: An Introduction

    Spatial Scale and Distribution

    Autotrophs

    Heterotrophs

    Sources and Distribution of Organic Matter

    References

    Measures of the Health of Rivers and Streams

    Introduction

    Ambient Water Quality Criteria

    Minimum Flows (Or How Much Water Does a River Need, and When?)

    Habitat Requirements

    Indicator Organisms

    Rapid Bioassessments

    Biological Diversity

    Biological Integrity

    Invasive Species

    References

    Introduction to Stream Restoration

    Introduction

    Anthropogenic Impacts

    Restoration Goals and Guiding Principals

    Restoration Intent and Techniques

    References

    Part II Lakes and Reservoirs

    Introduction to Lakes and Reservoirs: Geomorphology and Classification

    What Is a Lake, or a Reservoir?

    General Characteristics

    Brief History of Limnology

    Overview of Origin and Size

    References

    Those Dammed Lakes

    Reservoirs (Dammed Rivers)

    Project Purposes: Storage and Pool Level Control

    Types of Dams

    Conveyance Structures

    Pretty Dammed Old (Dam Failures and Dam Safety)

    Decommissioning/Removing Dams

    References

    Zones and Shapes in Lakes and Reservoirs

    Introduction

    Lake Zonation and Nomenclature

    Lake Basin and Characteristics

    References

    Light and Heat in Lakes and Reservoirs

    Distribution of Light and Heat Exchange

    Light and Water Interactions

    Surface Heat Balance

    Water Density

    Lake Stratification

    Classification Based on Mixing

    Ice Formation and Cover

    References

    Transport and Mixing Processes in Lakes and Reservoirs

    Introduction

    Water Movement: Waves, Currents, and Inflows

    What about Dams?

    References

    Chemical and Water Quality Kinetic Characteristics and Processes

    Dissolved Gases

    Total Dissolved Gas

    Oxic versus Anoxic Reservoir Processes

    Oxygen

    Nitrogen

    Phosphorus

    pH, Alkalinity, and CO

    Sulfides and Sulfates

    Iron and Manganese

    Methane

    References

    Biota of Lakes and Reservoirs

    Classification

    Factors Affecting Distribution

    Characteristics of Organisms by Zone

    Invasive Species.

    References

    Lake Production, Succession, and Eutrophication

    Primary and Secondary Productivity

    Geologic Lake Succession

    Eutrophication

    Metrics for Eutrophication

    References.

    Restoration and Management of Lakes and Reservoirs

    Lake Management and Restoration

    Clean Water Act

    Control and Management of Sedimentation

    Control of Algae

    Aquatic Plant Management

    Fish and Fisheries Management

    References

    Dam Tailwaters

    Introduction and Issues

    Dam Releases and Impacts

    Regulatory Issues

    Methods to Improve Tailwater Quality

    References

    Freshwater Wetlands: An Introduction

    Introduction

    Wetland Types

    Wetland Identification and Classification

    Wetland Trends: Historical

    Wetlands and the CWA

    Swampbuster Provisions

    Wetland Restoration and Construction

    References

    Index

    Biography

    James Lenial Martin is professor of civil engineering in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Mississippi State University. His degrees include a bachelor of science in wildlife science from Texas A&M, a bachelor of science in civil engineering from Texas A&M, a master of science in biology from Southwest Texas State University, and a PhD in Civil and Environmental Engineering from Texas A&M. He has more than 30 years of experience conducting and managing water quality modeling projects and developing and applying models of hydrodynamics and water quality. He has authored/coauthored over 100 technical reports and publications.