1st Edition
Heritage Sites in Contemporary China Cultural Policies and Management Practices
Heritage Sites in Contemporary China: Cultural Policies and Management Practices focuses on cultural heritage policies in China emerging in the period of the 11th and 12th Five Year Plans. Various important Chinese sites across China are investigated, including Luoyang Sui, Daming Gong, Niuheliang, Xinjiang, and Nanyuewang through the dual perspective of archaeological debate and as a case study of policy making. It explores the relationship between policy and the institutional and administrative conditions, such as budgeting and land concerns, which affect it. Building on the research project implemented by the China Academy for Cultural Heritage (CACH) from 2012–2014, which focused on the impact of the Dayizhi Policy for Great Archaeological Sites, the book provides an interdisciplinary insider’s approach to viewing archaeological discoveries; policies and emerging practices in site and archaeological management; and public administration in China. Featuring contributions from experts within CACH and from the Chinese community of archaeologists, and including numerous tables, data and maps, it will appeal to researchers and scholars in disciplines such as archaeology, heritage management, public administration, and policy making.
Introduction
Chapter 1. Contextualizing heritage discourse in current China
1.1. Chinese cultural heritage: a few introductory notes
1.2. The Chinese heritage chain: a short reconstruction
1.3. Administrative matters: institutional design and the division of labor within the heritage chain
Chapter 2. Early conversations and professional practices regarding large-scale cultural relics
2.1. Early efforts in Chinese heritage protection (1920s–1946)
2.2. Formation period: strengthening protection (1949–1978)
2.3. Development and protection since the opening up (1978–2004)
2.4. The emergence of the dayizhi concept in Chinese heritage practice: some final remarks
Chapter 3. Setting the dayizhi policy
3.1. The role of the Five Year Plans in the heritage field
3.2. Main content of the dayizhi policy: the publication of the 11th and 12th FYPs
3.3. The policy and the list of potential dayizhi
3.4. The funding mechanisms
3.5. The dayizhi policy evolution: from conservation to "conservational interpretation"
Appendix to Chapter 3: the 11th FYP
Chapter 4. A three-level discussion on the dayizhi policy: toward unanticipated consequences?
4.1. The dayizhi policy in principle: commonalities and specificities
4.2. A general literature review prior to the CACH research
4.3 Discourse on the dayizhi policy at the kick-off day: things in the early research agenda
Chapter 5. Desk and field work: the research methodology
5.1. The CACH research project: expectations, design, and roles
5.2. Implementing the CACH research project
5.3 Further methodological choices regarding this book
Chapter 6. Luoyang and the Sui and Tang Capital City: complex heritage inside a crucial district
6.1. Introduction: the Sui and Tang Capital City within the Luoyang District
6.2. Dayizhi and Luoyang
6.3. Luoyang: the threats of development on a fragile widespread heritage city
6.4. Operationalizing the policy: the S&T project from policy to action
6.5. Zooming in on the process: S&T before and after the dayizhi policy, and the issue of "how" things are done
6.7. Dayizhi conservation policy at S&T: lost in translation?
Chapter 7. Xi’an and Daming Palace
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Xi’an and its role in the dayizhi discussion: an aggregate view
7.3. Daming Palace: a controversial model
7.4. Conclusion
Chapter 8. Niuheliang: from dayizhi to parkization in a rural area
8.1. Introduction *
8.2. The social construction of heritage meanings: the 30-year evolution of Niuheliang
8.3 Major challenges
8.4 Parkization, and the hidden history: ignoring professional standards
8.5 Conclusions: how "well-done" projects bring up a worrying future
Chapter 9. Xinjiang: the tensions between heritage, landscape conservation, and social impacts in a harsh climate
9.1. Introduction: the context of heritage preservation
9.2. An aggregate view of dayizhi projects in Xinjiang
9.3. Major achievements within the dayizhi policy
9.4. A micro focus: zooming in
9.5 Conclusion *
Chapter 10: Nanyuewang Palace site
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Before the dayizhi policy
10.3. After dayizhi policy
10.4. Conclusion
Chapter 11. Yanxiadu Capital site
11.1. Introduction to the site
11.2. The socioeconomic context: a rural area, with a slow pace of development
11.3. Site conservation before dayizhi policy
11.4. The impacts of dayizhi policy on the site
11.5. Conclusion: an overall assessment of the dayizhi impacts at Yanxiadu
Chapter 12. Understanding dayizhi practices from the field work
12.1. Major findings from the fieldwork: dayizhi practices from case studies
12.2. Tentative internal comparison of dayizhi case studies: an inferred typology
12.3 Understanding dayizhi policy impacts from the field work
12.4 Looking for explanations: driving forces underneath the typology
Chapter 13. Assessing the dayizhi policy: the aggregate view
13.1. An aggregate look inside the dayizhi database: assessing actual impacts
13.1. The nature of expenditure: which activities were funded
13.2. The actual selection of sites: the partial implementation of the lines/circle, district policy
13.3. Issues in planning procedures: a few insights
13.4. Understanding dayizhi policy implantation from aggregate data available
Chapter 14. Dayizhi policy: addressing some unanticipated driving forces
14.1 Introduction: between intended and realized policies
14.2. Land issues: the hidden powerful factor in dayizhi policy
14.3. Financial and budgetary issues, general versus dayizhi
14.4. Organizational and cultural heritage governance
14.5. A summary of major implications *
Concluding remarks – beyond dayizhi
Biography
Luca Zan is Professor of Arts Management at the University of Bologna, Italy; Adjunct Faculty at Carnegie Mellon University, USA; and Central Academy of Fine Arts, Beijing. His current research focuses on international comparisons in managing arts and heritage organizations.
Bing Yu holds Masters degrees in Engineering and Business Administration. She is currently a Research Fellow and Deputy of the Institute for Heritage Studies, CACH, Beijing.
Jianli Yu holds Masters degrees in Archaeology and Science. He is an Associate Research Fellow at the Institute for Heritage Studies, CACH, Beijing.
Haiming Yan holds a PhD in Sociology and is currently an Associate Research Fellow at the China World Cultural Heritage Center, CACH, Beijing.