3rd Edition
Heating and Cooling of Buildings Principles and Practice of Energy Efficient Design, Third Edition
Heating and Cooling of Buildings: Principles and Practice of Energy Efficient Design, Third Edition is structured to provide a rigorous and comprehensive technical foundation and coverage to all the various elements inherent in the design of energy efficient and green buildings. Along with numerous new and revised examples, design case studies, and homework problems, the third edition includes the HCB software along with its extensive website material, which contains a wealth of data to support design analysis and planning. Based around current codes and standards, the Third Edition explores the latest technologies that are central to design and operation of today’s buildings. It serves as an up-to-date technical resource for future designers, practitioners, and researchers wishing to acquire a firm scientific foundation for improving the design and performance of buildings and the comfort of their occupants. For engineering and architecture students in undergraduate/graduate classes, this comprehensive textbook:
Background to the Building Sector and Energy Use Patterns
A Bit of history
Importance of Buildings in the US Economy and Other Countries
Energy Use Patterns by Building Type and End Use
Roles of Building Energy Professionals and HVAC Design Engineers
Basic Concepts in Economics of Energy Efficiency
Units and Conversions
Order of Magnitude Calculations
Basic Thermal Science
Fluid and Thermodynamic Properties
Determining Property Values
Types of flow regimes
Conservation of mass and momentum
First law of thermodynamics
Second law of thermodynamics
Modes of heat transfer
Conduction heat transfer
Convection heat transfer
Radiation heat transfer
Evaporative and moisture transfer
Closure
Human Thermal Comfort and Indoor Air Quality
Indoor environmental quality (IEQ)
Thermal comfort
The perception of comfort
Air quality and indoor contaminants
Control of indoor air quality
Closure
Solar Radiation
Introduction
Solar movement and basic angles
Solar geometry with respect to local observer
Extra-terrestrial insolation
Effect of atmosphere
ASHRAE clear sky irradiance model
Transposition models for tilted and vertical surfaces
Measured solar radiation data worldwide
Statistical correlation models
Heat Gains through Windows
Importance and design considerations
Optical properties
Thermal properties
Solar heat gains
External and internal shading
High-Performance glazing
Infiltration and Natural Ventilation
Importance and basic definitions
Infiltration rates across building stock
Basic flow equations
Introduction and types of air flow models
Crack flow equation
Induced pressure differences
Engineering component models for air infiltration
Simplified physical models for single-zone air infiltration
Multizone models
Natural ventilation air flow through large openings
Measuring air infiltration and inter-zone flows
Infiltration heat recovery
Steady State Heat Flows
Load calculations
Solar air temperature and instantaneous conduction heat gain
Below grade heat transfer
Internal heat gains
Treatment of one zone spaces
Multi-zoning in buildings
Transient Heat Flow through Building Elements
Basic concepts
Numerical methods- finite difference
Time series methods for conduction heat gains
Thermal network models
Frequency domain methods
Heating and Cooling Design Load Calculations
Introduction
Winter and summer design conditions
Design heating load calculation procedure
Subtleties with cooling load calculations
Transfer function method for cooling load calculations
Heat balance method
Radiant time series method
Simplified Annual Energy Estimation Methods and Inverse Modeling
General approaches
Degree day method
Models for estimating degree-days under different base temperature
Bin method
Advantages and limitations
Inverse modeling
Description of Typical Building HVAC Systems and Components
Primary and secondary systems
Types of secondary systems
Broad classification of HVAC systems
Unitary split systems
Centralized systems
District systems
Thermal Principles Relevant to Equipment and Systems
First Law: Heat and work interactions
Second Law applied to ideal Carnot cycles
Pure substances
Homogeneous binary mixtures
Convective heat transfer correlations
Heat exchangers
Psychrometric Properties and Processes
Definition and importance of psychrometrics
Composition and pressure of atmospheric air
Psychrometric properties of moist air
Analytical approach to determining moist-air properties
The psychrometric chart
Basic psychrometric processes
Closure
Chillers and Heat Pump Cycles and Systems
Standard Vapor Compression Cycle
Modified and Actual VC Cycles
Absorption Cooling
Chiller Systems
Air Source Heat Pumps
Rating Standards
Part Load Performance
Ground Source Heat Pumps
Decentralized Water Loop Heat Pumps
Theoretical Performance Indices for Heating and Cooling
Refrigerants
Combustion Heating Equipment and Systems
Principles of combustion
Furnaces
Boilers
Seasonal energy calculations
Improving and monitoring thermal performance
Combined heat and power systems
Pumps, Fans and System Interactions
Modified equation of motion
Pressure losses in liquid and air systems
Prime movers
System and prime mover interactions
Types of fans and their control
Duct design methods
Fluid flow measurement
Closure
Cooling System Equipment
Introduction
Compressors
Expansion devices
Evaporators and condensers
Heating air coils
Wet cooling air coils
Cooling towers
Hydronic Distribution Equipment and Systems
Hydronic system classification
Types of hydronic distribution circuits
Traditional terminal units
Low temperature radiant panels
Auxiliary heating equipment
Piping system design
Modulating valves and capacity control
Large cooling systems
Cool thermal energy storage
All-Air Systems
Basic principles
Single zone single duct CAV systems
Single zone single duct VAV systems
All-air systems for multiple zones
Design sizing and energy analysis
Energy efficiency design and operation practices
Energy penalties due to mixing of hot and cold streams
Closure
Room Air Distribution and Hybrid Secondary Systems
Introduction
Basic air-water systems
Air Distribution in Rooms
Fully mixed room distribution systems
Other types of room air distribution methods
Chilled beams
Hybrid secondary systems
Evaporative cooling cycle and systems
Desiccant cooling systems
HVAC Control Systems
Introductory concepts
Modes of feedback control
Basic control hardware
Basic control system design considerations
Examples of HVAC control systems
Building Automation
Topics in advanced control system design
Summary
Lighting and Daylighting
Principles of lighting
Electric lighting
Daylighting
Analysis of daylighting
Design of buildings for daylighting
Costing and Economic Analysis
Comparing present and future costs
Life cycle cost
Economic evaluation criteria
Complications of the decision process
Cost estimation
Optimization
Chapter 24. Design for Energy Efficiency
The Road to Efficiency
Design Elements and Recommendations
Residential Buildings
Commercial Buildings: HVAC Systems
Alternative Energy Technologies
Uncertainty in Simulations
Energy Benchmarking and Rating
Drivers for Efficiency
Biography
T. Agami Reddy is SRP Professor of Energy and Environment at Arizona State University with joint faculty appointments with the Design School and the School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment. During his 30 year career, he has also held faculty and research positions at Drexel University, Texas A&M University and Princeton University. He teaches and does research in the areas of sustainable energy systems (green buildings, HVAC&R, solar and resiliency/sustainability) and building energy data analytics. He is the author of two textbooks and has close to 200 refereed journal and conference papers, and several book chapters and technical research reports. He is a licensed mechanical engineer and Fellow of both ASME and ASHRAE. He received the ASHRAE Distinguished Service Award in 2008, and was the recipient of the 2014 Yellott Award from the ASME Solar Energy Division.
Jan F. Kreider has served as a professor of engineering at the University of Colorado at Boulder, and is a founding director of its Joint Center for Energy Management. He received his BSME degree (magna cum laude) from Case Western Reserve University, and his postgraduate degrees from the University of Colorado at Boulder. Dr. Kreider is the author of numerous college textbooks and more than 200 technical articles and reports, and has managed numerous building systems research projects. He is a fellow of the ASME, an active member of ASHRAE, and a winner of ASHRAE’s E.K. Campbell Award for excellence in building systems education. He is also the president of a consulting company specializing in energy system design and analysis.
Peter Curtiss received his BSCE degree from Princeton University, and his advanced degrees from the University of Colorado at Boulder. He has served as an adjunct professor, and has worked as an engineering consultant. Dr. Curtiss has he author of over 40 technical journal articles, on subjects ranging from neural network modeling and control of building systems to solar radiation measurement. He has worked at research institutes in Israel, Portugal, and France as well as at a number of private engineering firms.
Ari Rabl has served as a research scientist at the Centre d’Energetique of the l’Ecole de Mines in Paris, as well as research professor at the University of Colorado. He received his PhD in Physics from the University of California at Berkeley, and has worked at the Argonne National Laboratory, the Solar Energy Research Institute, and the Center for Energy and Environmental Studies at Princeton University. Dr. Rabl is the author of more than 50 journal articles, numerous technical reports, and holds 10 patents. He is a member of the American Physical Society and ASHRAE.
"For me, the main advantage of Heating and Cooling of Buildings is its readability. It has been written in a manner that helps my students to understand concepts that they might otherwise have found difficult to understand….Chapter 9 is the most comprehensive coverage of heating and cooling design loads – this chapter is what got me interested in the textbook in the first place. The book can also be used by practicing HVAC engineers as a reference."
--Tiyamike Ngonda, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
"Theory and governing equations are presented in an organized manner. The flow of text is quite easy to follow, and covers all topics needed to be taught in a design course."
--Hessam Taherian, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
""I would highly recommend this book and instructor resources to professors for undergraduate or graduate level courses in HVAC design and building energy science, with the expectation that students would keep this book and use it on a day-to-day basis in their careers."
----Andy Walker, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, USA
"The authors have taken great care to update their previous version of this book with the inclusion of several relevant hardware related application chapters and references to current ASHRAE standards."
---Kevin R. Anderson, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California, USA