Heads of States and Governments Since 1945

Chapter 1 Afghanistan, Islamic Republic of (De Afghanistan Islami Jamhuriat); Chapter 2 Albania, Republic of (Republika e Shqipërisë); Chapter 3 Algeria, Democratic and Popular Republic of (al-Jumhuriyah al-Jaza'iriyah); Chapter 4 Andorra. Valleys of (Les Vallées de'Andorra; Principado de Andorra); Chapter 5 Angola, People's Republic of (República Popular de Angola); Chapter 6 Antigua and Barbuda; Chapter 7 Argentina, (Argentine Republic) (República Argentina); Chapter 8 Armenia, Republic of (Hayastani Hanrapetutyun); Chapter 9 Australia, Commonwealth of; Chapter 10 Austria, Republic of (Republik Österreich); Chapter 11 Azerbaijan Republic (Azarbaijchart Respublikasy); Chapter 12 Bahamas. Commonwealth of the; Chapter 13 Bahrain, state of (Dawlat al-Bahrayn); Chapter 14 Bangladesh, People's Republic of (Ganaprojatantri Bangladesh); Chapter 15 Barbados; Chapter 16 Belarus, Republic of (Respublika Belarus); Chapter 17 Belgium, Kingdom of (Royaume de Belgique); Chapter 18 Belize; Chapter 19 Benin. Republic of (République du Bénin); Chapter 20 Bhutan. Kingdom of (Dmk-yul); Chapter 21 Bolivia, Republic of (República de Bolivia); Chapter 22 Bophuthatswana, Republic of (Repaboliki ya Bophuthatswana); Chapter 23 Bosnia-Herzegovina, Republic of (Republika Bosne i Hercegovine); Chapter 24 Botswana; Chapter 25 Brazil, Federative Republic of (República Federativa do Brasil); Chapter 26 Brunei, Sultanate of (Negara Brunei Darussalam); Chapter 27 Bulgaria, Republic of (Republika Bulgariya); Chapter 28 Burkina Faso (Upper Volta); Chapter 29 Burundi. Republic of (République du Burundi); Chapter 30 Cambodia, state of (Kampuchea); Chapter 31 Cameroon. Republic of (République du Cameroun); Chapter 32 Canada; Chapter 33 Cape Verde Islands (República de Cabo Verde); Chapter 34 Central African Republic, (République Centrafricaine); Chapter 35 Chad, Republic of (Republique du Tchad); Chapter 36 Chile, Republic of (Republica de Chile); Chapter 37 China, People's Republic of (Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo); Chapter 38 China, Republic of (Taiwan); Chapter 39 Ciskei, Republic of (Iriphabliki Yeciskei); Chapter 40 Colombia. Republic of (República de Colombia); Chapter 41 Comoros, Federal Islamic Republic of the (République Fédérate Islamique des Comores); Chapter 42 Congo People's Republic (République Populaire du Congo); Chapter 43 Costa Rica, Republic of (República de Costa Rica); Chapter 44 Croatia, Republic of (Republika Hrvatska); Chapter 45 Cuba, Republic of (Repúblics de Cuba); Chapter 46 Cyprus, Republic of (Dimokratia Kyprou); Chapter 47 Cyprus, Turkish Republic of Northern (Kuzey Kibris Turk Cumhuriyeti); Chapter 48 Czechoslovakia (Czech and Slovak Federative Republic); Chapter 49 Denmark. Kingdom of (Kongeriget Danmark); Chapter 50 Djibouti, Republic of (République de Djibouti); Chapter 51 Dominica, Commonwealth of; Chapter 52 Dominican Republic (Républica Dominicana); Chapter 53 Ecuador. Republic of (República de Ecuador); Chapter 54 Egypt, Arab Republic of (Jumhuriyat Misr al-’Arabiyah); Chapter 55 El Salvador, Republic of (República de El Salvador); Chapter 56 Equatorial Guinea, Republic of (República de Guinea Ecuatorial); Chapter 57 Estonia, Republic of (Eesti Vabariik); Chapter 58 Ethiopia (Itiopia); Chapter 59 Fiji, Republic of (Ka- Vakarairai ni Fiji); Chapter 60 Finland, Republic of (Suomen Tasavalta); Chapter 61 France (République Française); Chapter 62 Gabon (Gabonese Republic) (République Gabonaise); Chapter 63 Gambia, Republic of the; Chapter 64 Georgia, Republic of (Sakartvelos Respublika); Chapter 65 German Democratic Republic (East Germany); Chapter 66 Germany, Federal Republic of (Bundesrepublik Deutschland); Chapter 67 Ghana, Republic of; Chapter 68 Greece (Hellenic Republic) (Elleniki Demokratia); Chapter 69 Grenada, state of; Chapter 70 Guatemala, Republic of (República de Guatemala); Chapter 71 Guinea, Republic of (Républic de Guinee); Chapter 72 Guinea-Bissau. Republic of (República da Guine-Bissau); Chapter 73 Guyana, Cooperative Republic of; Chapter 74 Haiti, Republic of (République d'Haïti); Chapter 75 Honduras, Republic of (Républica de Honduras); Chapter 76 Hungary (Hungarian Republic) (Magyar Köztársaság); Chapter 77 Iceland. Republic of (Lýthveldith Ísland); Chapter 78 India. Republic of (Bharat); Chapter 79 Indonesia, Republic of (Republik Indonesia); Chapter 80 Iran, Islamic Republic of (Jomhori-e-Islami-e-Irân); Chapter 81 Iraq, Republic of (al-Jumhuriyah al-'lraqiyah); Chapter 82 Ireland, Republic of (Éire); Chapter 83 Israel, state of (Medinat Yisr'el); Chapter 84 Italy (Italian Republic)(Repubblica Italiana); Chapter 85 Ivory Coast (République de Côte d'Ivoire); Chapter 86 Jamaica; Chapter 87 Japan (Nippon); Chapter 88 Jordan, Hashemite Kingdom of (al-Mamlakah al-Urduniyah al-Hashimiyah); Chapter 89 Kazakhstan, Republic of (Kazakhstan Respublikasy); Chapter 90 Kenya, Republic of (Djumhuri ya Kenya); Chapter 91 Kiribati. Republic of (I Kiribati); Chapter 92 Korea, Democratic People's Republic of (North Korea) (Chos?n Minchu-chui Inmin Konghwa-guk); Chapter 93 Korea, Republic of (South Korea) (Taehan-min'guk); Chapter 94 Kuwait, State of (Dawlat al-Kuwayt); Chapter 95 Kyrgyzstan, Republic of (Kyrgyzstan Respublikasy); Chapter 96 LaoS (Lao People's Democratic Republic) (Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxôn Lao); Chapter 97 Latvia, Republic of (Latvijas Republika); Chapter 98 Lebanon, Republic of (al-Jumhuriyah al-Lubnaniyah); Chapter 99 Lesotho, Kingdom of; Chapter 100 Liberia, Republic of; Chapter 101 Libya a (Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya) (al-Jamahiriyah al-’Arabiyah al-Libiyah al-Sha'biyah al-Ishtirakiyah); Chapter 102 Liechtenstein, Principality of (Fürstentum Liechtenstein); Chapter 103 Lithuania, Republic of (Lietuvos Respublika); Chapter 104 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of (Grand-Duché de Luxembourg); Chapter 105 Macedonia, Republic of (Republika Makedonija); Chapter 106 Madagascar, Democratic Republic of (Republique Democratique de Madagascar); Chapter 107 Malawi, Republic of; Chapter 108 Malaysia; Chapter 109 Maldives, Republic of (Dhivehi Jumhuriyah); Chapter 110 Mali, Republic of (République du Mali); Chapter 111 Malta, Republic of (Repubblika ta' Malta); Chapter 112 Marshall Islands, Republic of the; Chapter 113 Mauritania, Islamic Republic of (al-Jumhuriyah al-Islamiyah al-Muritaniyah); Chapter 114 Mauritius, Republic of; Chapter 115 Mexico (United Mexican States) (Estados Unidos Mexicanos); Chapter 116 Micronesia, Federated States of; Chapter 117 Moldova, Republic of (Republica Moldoveneas?a); Chapter 118 Monaco, Principality of (Principauté de Monaco); Chapter 119 Mongolia (Mongol Uls); Chapter 120 Morocco, Kingdom of (al-Mamlakah al-Maghribiyah); Chapter 121 Mozambique, Republic of (República de Mogambique); Chapter 122 Myanmar, Union of (Burma) (Pyidaungsu Myanmar Naingngan); Chapter 123 Namibia, Republic of; Chapter 124 Nauru, Republic of (Naoero); Chapter 125 Nepal, Kingdom of (Nepál Alhirajya); Chapter 126 Netherlands, Kingdom of the (Koninkrijk der Nederlanden); Chapter 127 New Zealand; Chapter 128 Nicaragua, Republic of (Republique du Nicaragua); Chapter 129 Niger, Republic of (République du Niger); Chapter 130 Nigeria, Federal Republic of; Chapter 131 Norway, Kingdom of (Kongeriket Norge); Chapter 132 Omail, Sultanate of (Sultanat ’Urnan); Chapter 133 Pakistan. Islamic Republic of (Islami Jamhuria-e-Pakistan); Chapter 134 Panama, Republic of (República de Panamá); Chapter 135 Papua New Guinea, Independent State of (Gau Hedinarai ai Papua-Matamata Guinea); Chapter 136 Paraguay, Republic of (República del Paraguay); Chapter 137 Peru, Republic of (República del Perú); Chapter 138 Philippines, Republic of the (Republica de Filipinas); Chapter 139 Poland (Polish Republic) (Polska Rzeczpospolita); Chapter 140 Portugal (Portuguese Republic) (República Portuguesa); Chapter 141 Qatar, state of (Dawlat Qatar); Chapter 142 Romania; Chapter 143 Russia (Russian Federation) (Rossiiskaya Federatsiya); Chapter 144 Rwanda. Republic of (République Rwandaise); Chapter 145 Saint Kitts and Nevis, Federation of (Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis); Chapter 146 Saint Lucia; Chapter 147 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; Chapter 148 San Marino. Most Serene Republic of (Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino); Chapter 149 Sao Tome and Principe, Democratic Republic of (República Democrática de São Tomé e Príncipe); Chapter 150 Saudi Arabia. Kingdom of (al-Mamlakah al-’Arabiyah al-Su’udiyah); Chapter 151 Senegal, Republic of (République du Sénégal); Chapter 152 Seychelles, Republic of; Chapter 153 Sierra Leone, Republic of; Chapter 154 Singapore, Republic of (Republik Singapura); Chapter 155 Slovenia, Republic of (Republika Slovenije); Chapter 156 Solomon Islands; Chapter 157 Somalia (Somali Republic) (Jamhuuriyada Soomaaliyeed); Chapter 158 South Africa, Republic of (Republiek van Suid-Afrika); Chapter 159 Spain (Spanish State) (Estado Español); Chapter 160 Sri Lanka, Democratic Socialist Republic of (Ceylon) (Sri Lanka Prajatantrika Samajawadi Janarajaya); Chapter 161 Sudan, Republic of the (Jumhuriyat al-Sudan); Chapter 162 Suriname, Republic of (Republiek Suriname); Chapter 163 Swaziland, Kingdom of; Chapter 164 Sweden Kingdom of (Konungariket Sverige); Chapter 165 Switzerland (Swiss Confederation); Chapter 166 Syria (Syrian Arab Republic) (al-Jumhuriyah al-'Arabiyah al-Suriyah); Chapter 167 Tajikistan, Republic of (Respublika i Tojikiston); Chapter 168 Tanzania, United Republic of (Jamhuri ya muungano wa Tanzania); Chapter 169 Thailand, Kingdom of (Prathet Thai); Chapter 170 Togo, Republic of (République Togolaise); Chapter 171 Tonga, Kingdom of (Fakatu'i 'o Tonga); Chapter 172 Transkei, Republic of (Iriphabliki Yetranskei); Chapter 173 Trinidad and Tobago, Republic of; Chapter 174 Tunisia, Republic of (al-Jumhiriyah al-Tunisiyah); Chapter 175 Turkey, Republic of (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti); Chapter 176 Turkmenistan, Republic of (Tiurkmenostan Respublikasy); Chapter 177 Tuvalu, Constitutional Monarchy of (Fakavae Aliki-Malo i Tuvalu); Chapter 178 Uganda, Republic of; Chapter 179 Ukraine (Ukraina); Chapter 180 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Soviet Union); Chapter 181 United Arab Emirates (al-Imarat al-Arabiyah al Muttahida); Chapter 182 United Kingdom (Great Britain) (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland); Chapter 183 United States of America; Chapter 184 Uruguay, Oriental Republic of (República Oriental del Uruguay); Chapter 185 Uzbekistan, Republic of (Ozbekiston Respublikasy); Chapter 186 Vanuatu, Republic of (République de Vanuatu); Chapter 187 Vatican City; Chapter 188 Venda, Republic of (Republiek van Venda); Chapter 189 Venezuela, Republic of (República de Venezuela); Chapter 190 Vietnam, Socialist Republic of (Công-Hòa Xã-Hôi Chu-Ngh?a Viêt Nam); Chapter 191 Vietnam, Socialist Republic of (Công-Hòa Xã-Hôi Chu-Ngh?a Viêt Nam); Chapter 192 West Indies Federation; Chapter 193 Western Samoa, Independent State of (Sa'oloto Tuto'atasi o Samoa i Sisifo); Chapter 194 Yemen, People's Democratic Republic of (South Yemen); Chapter 195 Yemen, Republic of (al-Jumhuriyah al-Yamaniyah); Chapter 196 Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen); Chapter 197 Yugoslavia, Federal Republic of (Federativna Republika Jugoslavia); Chapter 198 Zaire, Republic of (Féderativna Republika Jugoslavïa); Chapter 199 Zambia, Republic of; Chapter 200 Zanzibar; Chapter 201 Zimbabwe, Republic of;

Biography

Harris M. LentzIII

"Whether in power for a day or for more than half a century, famous or unknown, the leaders of 190 independent countries each have a substantial biography in this new cumulation. . . . No other directory covers these lesser-known individuals as well as prominent leaders. . . . Heads of States and Governments is a unique and valuable reference source for historical biographies of the heads of government world-wide. Highly recommended for academic and public libraries." - Choice