1st Edition

Global Drug Enforcement Practical Investigative Techniques

By Gregory D. Lee Copyright 2003
    448 Pages 14 Color & 84 B/W Illustrations
    by Routledge

    It's a national epidemic and an international conspiracy. Drugs have infested our society with a vengeance, making the drug enforcement agent a central figure in the war on drugs. International training teams of the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) have traditionally taught the special skills required by all drug agents. Until now, there has never been a book for public consumption devoted strictly to this specialized field of criminal investigation.

    Global Drug Enforcement: Practical Investigative Techniques provides basic and advanced methods for conducting modern drug investigations. With coverage of source countries, drug identification, conspiracy investigations, clandestine laboratories, drug intelligence, and money laundering, the book includes the topics that every detective assigned to a drug investigation unit must know. The chapter on drug identification discusses the drugs that all law enforcement officers are likely to encounter including heroin, marijuana, cocaine, methamphetamine, PCP, and the emerging club drugs of Ecstasy, GHB, and Ketamine. A glossary of common terms used in drug enforcement and chapters on the nexus between drugs and terrorism provide additional insight.

    Based on the training and experiences of a recently retired Supervisory Special Agent of the DEA who was a former instructor for DEA's Office of Training at the FBI Academy, this book provides domestic and international agencies with a comprehensive reference on contemporary drug enforcement. It greatly expands on many of the topics that DEA employees receive in their training and covers the areas that investigators need to understand in order to conduct safe and effective drug operations.

    PART I THE FUNDAMENTALS

    INTRODUCTION TO DRUG LAW ENFORCEMENT
    International In Scope
    Interpersonal Relationships
    Finance And Banking
    Psychology
    Communication Skills
    Foreign Relations
    Other Aspects
    Summary

    SOURCE COUNTRIES
    Colombia
    Bolivia And Peru
    Mexico
    The Golden Triangle
    The Golden Crescent
    Western Europe
    Canada
    United States
    Summary

    DRUG IDENTIFICATION AND USER RECOGNITION
    Drug Scheduling
    Narcotic Depressants
    Heroin and Opiates
    History Of Heroin In The United States
    Heroin Production
    How Heroin Is Used
    Physical Effects Of Heroin
    Heroin Withdrawal Symptoms
    Heroin User Recognition
    Cocaine
    History Of Cocaine Abuse
    Harvest And Yield
    Cocaine Extraction
    Cocaine Abuse
    Paranoia
    Psychosis
    Cocaine Abuse In The Workplace
    Cocaine's Physical Side Effects
    Pharmacological Effects And Symptoms Of Cocaine Abuse
    "Crack" Cocaine
    How Crack Cocaine Is Ingested
    Crack Babies
    Marijuana
    Marijuana Source Countries
    In-Door Grows
    Hashish
    Effects Of Cannabis
    Methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (Ecstasy)
    GHB
    GBL
    Ketamine
    Methamphetamines
    Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)
    Methylphenidate (Ritalin®)
    Phencyclidine (PCP)
    Steroids
    Other Drugs Of Abuse
    Summary

    CONFIDENTIAL INFORMANTS
    Motivational Factors
    Restricted Use Informants
    Developing Confidential Informants
    Supervisor's Role In Informant Management
    Protecting The Informant's Identity
    Other Considerations
    The Informant File
    Informant Debriefings
    Agent-Informant Contact Procedures
    Informant Payments
    How To Make A Controlled Purchase Using An Informant
    The Seven Steps To Successful Informant Management
    Keys To Success In Informant Management
    Summary

    SOURCES OF INFORMATION
    Airline Ticket Agents
    Travel Agents
    Car Rental Employees
    Hotel Registration Clerks
    Utility Companies
    Telephone Service Providers
    Real Estate Agents
    Internet Service Providers
    Banking Institutions
    Taxi Drivers
    County Assessor's Office
    Credit Bureaus
    Express Shipping Companies
    Yacht Club Employees
    Boat And Yacht Sales Personnel
    Flight Service Station Employees
    Private Airplane Sales Personnel
    Summary

    SURVEILLANCE AND COUNTER-SURVEILLANCE
    Definition Of Surveillance
    Purpose Of Surveillance
    Types Of Surveillance
    Objectives Of Surveillance
    Qualities Of A Surveillance Agent
    Categories Of Surveillance
    Appearance Of The Surveillance Agent
    Other Considerations
    Rules Of Surveillance
    Fundamentals Of Surveillance
    Using Air Support During Surveillance
    Surveillance Notes And Reports
    Counter-Surveillance
    Summary

    UNDERCOVER OPERATIONS
    Definition Of Undercover
    Purpose Of Undercover Operations
    Qualifications For Undercover Work
    Undercover Agent's Traits
    Necessary Preparations For Undercover Operations
    The Cover Story
    Undercover Identity
    Undercover Vehicles
    Undercover Documents And Credit Cards
    Planning The Undercover Operation
    The Written Operational Plan
    The Operational Briefing
    The Undercover Meeting
    Undercover Negotiations
    Drug Samples
    Use Of Controlled Substances By Undercover Agents
    Confidence Buys Or Buy-Walk Operations
    Buy-Bust Operations
    Post-Buy Debriefings
    Proven Techniques And Strategies - Playing Mind Games With The Suspect
    The Seven Critical Factors Leading to Undercover Violence
    Summary

    "FLASH ROLL" MANAGEMENT
    Surprise Flashes Vs. Scheduled Flashes
    Creating A Controlled Environment
    Using A Second Undercover Agent
    Use Of An Informant To Display The Money
    Seeing Drugs Before Displaying The Money
    Flash Roll Preparation
    Summary

    EVIDENCE COLLECTION AND PRESERVATION
    Categories Of Evidence
    Collection Of Evidence
    Drug Evidence
    Chain Of Custody
    Field Testing Of Drug Evidence
    Non-Drug Evidence
    Summary

    U.S. SENTENCING GUIDELINES FOR DRUG OFFENSES
    Background
    Federal Parole Abolished
    Longer Prison Sentences
    The Sentencing Table
    Departures From The Guidelines
    Court Ordered Departures
    Criticism Of The Guidelines
    Evolutionary Process
    Summary

    RAID PLANNING AND EXECUTION
    Raid Planning
    Types Of Raids
    Site Surveys
    Raid Briefing
    Raid Execution
    Elements Of A Successful Raid
    Consciousness Modes
    Escalation Of Force
    British S.A.S. Six-Man Snake Method
    Summary

    PART II COMPLEX DRUG INVESTIGATIONS

    CONSPIRACY INVESTIGATIONS
    Definition Of Conspiracy
    Punishment For Conspiracy
    Elements Of Proof
    Plurality Requirement
    The Agreement
    Overt Acts
    Pinkerton Theory Of Vicarious Liability
    Withdrawal From The Conspiracy
    Termination Of The Conspiracy
    Venue
    Duration Of The Conspiracy
    Statute Of Limitations
    Types Of Conspiracies
    Advantages Of Conspiracy Investigations
    Disadvantages Of Conspiracy Investigations
    Conspiracy Case Development
    Coordination With The Prosecutor
    Defense Attorney Trial Tactics
    Summary

    CLANDESTINE LABORATORIES
    Specialty Within Drug Law Enforcement
    Booby-Traps
    Countering Booby-Traps
    Recognizing Clan Labs
    Chemicals And Products Commonly Found At Clan Lab Sites
    Other Clan Lab Indicators
    Operational Laboratories
    Summary

    TRANSPORTATION HUB INTERDICTION OPERATIONS
    Courier Profiling
    Approaching The Passenger
    Other Considerations
    Hotel Profiling
    Summary

    SMUGGLING AND SMUGGLERS
    Definition Of Smuggling
    Agencies Conducting Smuggling Investigations
    Methods Of Smuggling
    Methods Of Concealment
    Unwitting Accomplices
    Swallowers
    Smugglers' Profile
    Characteristics Of Drug Smuggling Organizations
    Drug smuggling case initiation
    Methods Of Investigating Smuggling Cases
    Summary

    CONTROLLED DELIVERIES
    Definition Of Controlled Delivery
    International CD Scenario
    Method Of Delivery
    Domestic CDs
    Mail Drops
    Using A Ruse
    Physical Evidence
    Summary

    DRUG INTELLIGENCE
    The Intelligence Analyst
    Informant Debriefings
    Telephone Subscriber Information
    Telephone Toll Analysis
    Summary

    MONEY LAUNDERING & FINANCIAL INVESTIGATIONS
    Definition
    Methods Of Investigation
    Following The Money
    Typical Exchanges Of Money
    Money Laundering Methods
    Non-Financial Institutions
    Underground Banking Networks
    Civil Asset Forfeiture Proceedings
    Summary

    SHARED TRAITS OF DRUG TRAFFICKERS & TERRORISTS
    Organizational Structure
    Drug And Terrorism Source Countries
    Money Laundering
    Communications
    Training Manuals
    Immigration Fraud And False Identity Documents
    Smuggling Techniques
    Airport Profiling
    Human Sources Of Information
    Parallel Investigative Techniques
    Summary

    NEXUS BETWEEN DRUGS AND TERRORISM
    Afghanistan
    Colombia
    Peru
    Middle East
    Summary

    TALKING POINTS AGAINST DRUG LEGALIZATION
    Ten Undeniable Facts
    A Law Enforcement Officers Approach To The Problem
    Where To Go For Additional Help
    Resources And Publications
    Summary

    APPENDIX A. CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE ACT SCHEDULES
    APPENDIX B. CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES ALPHABETICALLY
    APPENDIX C. U.S. V. SOKOLOW
    GLOSSARY OF COMMON TERMS USED IN DRUG LAW ENFORCEMENT

    Biography

    Gregory D. Lee

    "Drawing on 30 years of experience in law enforcement, Gregory Lee has written a definitive work on criminal drug investigations. … Documentation is airtight. … Citation to other works is solid as well. … This well-presented book … would be an ideal text for students, aspiring investigators, and trainees."
    - Security Management Magazine


    "Greg Lee has produced the textbook on drug enforcement operations. The book's style is easy to read, and the author's real world experience should put it on the top shelf in every narcotics unit's library. I strongly recommend this book to anyone involved in the field of narcotics enforcement, be they agent, detective, or supervisor."

    - Gary Edgington, Special Agent Supervisor, California Department of Justice, and Former CA Bureau of Narcotic Enforcement Agent

    "This book is groundbreaking and brings to both the law enforcement officer and the student a single-source text that deals with this topic in the most complete fashion we've seen to date."

    - Stanley L. Sniff, Jr., Chief Deputy, Riverside County (CA) Sheriff's Department; Commander of Western Riverside County Field Operations

    "Universal in scope, straight-forward in approach, written in terms easily comprehended by both novices and those experienced in police work, domestic or foreign; this text is a credible and valuable primer for introduction to this specialized area of crime and enforcement."

    - Mary A. Turner, Chief, International Training, Drug Enforcement Administration (Ret)