1st Edition

Gas Turbine Combined Cycle Power Plants

By S. Gülen Copyright 2020
    544 Pages 166 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    This book covers the design, analysis, and optimization of the cleanest, most efficient fossil fuel-fired electric power generation technology at present and in the foreseeable future.

    The book contains a wealth of first principles-based calculation methods comprising key formulae, charts, rules of thumb, and other tools developed by the author over the course of 25+ years spent in the power generation industry. It is focused exclusively on actual power plant systems and actual field and/or rating data providing a comprehensive picture of the gas turbine combined cycle technology from performance and cost perspectives.

    Material presented in this book is applicable for research and development studies in academia and government/industry laboratories, as well as practical, day-to-day problems encountered in the industry (including OEMs, consulting engineers and plant operators).

    1 Introduction

    1.1 Note on Units

    2 Prerequisites

    2.1 Books And Periodicals

    2.2 Software Tools

    2.3 Codes And Standards

    2.4 References

    3 Bare Necessities

    3.1 Why Combined Cycle?

    3.2 Combined Cycle Classification

    3.3 Simple Calculations

    3.4 Operability

    3.5 References

    4 Gas Turbine

    4.1 Brief Overview

    4.2 Rating Performance

    4.3 Technology Landscape

    4.4 Basic Calculations

    4.5 Fuel Flexibility

    4.6 References

    5 Steam Turbine

    5.1 Impulse vs. Reaction

    5.2 Last Stage Bucket

    5.3 Basic Calculations

    5.4 References

    6 Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG)

    6.1 Fundamentals of Heat Recovery

    6.2 HRSG Performance Calculations

    6.3 Supplementary (Duct) Firing

    6.4 Supercritical Bottoming Steam Cycle

    6.5 References

    7 Heat Sink Options

    7.1 Water-Cooled Surface Condenser

    7.2 Wet Cooling Tower

    7.3 Circulating Water Pumps And Piping

    7.4 Air-Cooled (Dry) Condenser

    7.5 Heat Sink System Selection

    7.6 Heat Sink Optimization

    7.7 References

    8 Combining The Pieces

    8.1 Topping Cycle

    8.2 Bottoming Cycle

    8.3 Combined Cycle

    8.4 History

    8.5 State Of The Art

    8.6 The Hall of Fame

    8.7 References

    9 Major Equipment

    9.1 Gas Turbine Package

    9.2 Steam Turbine Package

    9.3 Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG)

    9.4 AC Generator

    9.5 Scope of Supply

    9.6 References

    10 Balance of Plant

    10.1 Electrical Equipment

    10.2 Pipes and Valves

    10.3 Pumps

    10.4 Tanks

    10.5 Auxiliary Boiler

    10.6 Fuel Gas Booster Compressor

    10.7 Fuel Gas Heating And Conditioning System

    10.8 Closed Cooling Water (CCW) System

    10.9 Water Facilities

    10.10 References

    11 Construction And Commissioning

    11.1 Procurement

    11.2 Construction

    11.3 Startup and Commissioning

    11.4 Acceptance Tests

    11.5 General Arrangement

    12 Environmental Considerations

    12.1 Air Permits

    12.2 CEMS System

    12.3 Noise Abatement

    12.4 Selective Catalytic Reduction

    12.5 References

    13 Economics

    13.1 Price vs. Cost

    13.2 Cost Estimation

    13.3 Cost of Electricity

    13.4 Value of 1 Btu/kWh of Heat Rate

    13.5 Bottoming Cycle "Optimization"

    13.6 References

    14 Cogeneration

    15 Operability

    15.1 Steady State Operation

    15.2 Transient Operation

    15.3 GTCC Startup - Basics

    15.4 GTCC Startup – Practical Considerations

    15.5 GTCC Shutdown

    15.6 Emergencies

    15.7 Grid Code Compliance

    15.8 References

    16 Maintenance

    16.1 Maintenance Costs

    16.2 Important Metrics

    16.3 Failure Mechanisms

    16.4 References

    17 Repowering

    17.1 Which Repowering?

    17.2 Cost of Repowering

    17.3 An Example Calculation

    17.4 Takeaways

    17.5 References

    18 Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle

    18.1 Syngas-Fired Gas Turbine

    18.2 Bottoming Cycle

    18.3 Gasification

    18.4 Example

    18.5 References

    19 Carbon Capture

    19.1 Post-Combustion Carbon Capture Basics

    19.2 Simple Calculations

    19.3 References

    20 What Next?

    Appendix

    A. Property Calculations

    B. Standard Conditions For Temperature And Pressure

    C. Exergetic Efficiency

    C.1 Bottoming Cycle Exergy Balance

    D. Thermal Response Basics

    E. Steam Turbine Stress Basics

    E.1 Differential Expansion

    E.2 Rotor Thermal Stress

    E.3. References

    F. Carbon Capture

    Biography

    Dr. S. Can Gülen (PhD 1992, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY), PE, ASME Fellow, has 25 years of mechanical engineering experience covering a wide spectrum of technology, system, and software design, development (GTPRO/MASTER, Thermoflex), assessment, and analysis, primarily in the field of steam and gas turbine combined cycle (109FB-SS, IGCC 207FB, H-System) process and power plant turbomachinery and thermodynamics (in Thermoflow, Inc., General Electric and Bechtel). Dr. Gülen has authored/co-authored numerous internal/external archival papers and articles (40+), design practices, technical assessment reports, and US patents (20+) on gas turbine performance, cost, optimization, data reconciliation, analysis and modelling.