1st Edition
Fundamentals of Water Treatment Unit Processes Physical, Chemical, and Biological
Carefully designed to balance coverage of theoretical and practical principles, Fundamentals of Water Treatment Unit Processes delineates the principles that support practice, using the unit processes approach as the organizing concept. The author covers principles common to any kind of water treatment, for example, drinking water, municipal wastewater, industrial water treatment, industrial waste water treatment, and hazardous wastes. Since technologies change but principles remain constant, the book identifies strands of theory rather than discusses the latest technologies, giving students a clear understanding of basic principles they can take forward in their studies.
Reviewing the historical development of the field and highlighting key concepts for each unit process, each chapter follows a general format that consists of process description, history, theory, practice, problems, references, and a glossary. This organizational style facilitates finding sections of immediate interest without having to page through an excessive amount of material.
Pedagogical Features
- End-of-chapter glossaries provide a ready reference and add terms pertinent to topic but beyond the scope of the chapter
- Sidebars sprinkled throughout the chapters present the lore and history of a topic, enlarging students’ perspective
- Example problems emphasize tradeoffs and scenarios rather than single answers and involve spreadsheets
- Reference material includes several appendices and a quick-reference spreadsheet
- Solutions manual includes spreadsheets for problems
- Supporting material is available for download
Understanding how the field arrived at its present state of the art places the technology in a more logical context and gives students a strong foundation in basic principles. This book does more than build technical proficiency, it adds insight and understanding to the broader aspects of water treatment unit processes.
FOUNDATION
Water Treatment
Water Treatment
Organization of Water Treatment Knowledge
Unit Processes
Treatment Trains
Design
Summary
Problems
Acknowledgments
Glossary
References
Water Contaminants
Water Quality: Definitions
Federal Laws
Maturation of Water Quality Knowledge
Categorizations of Contaminant Species
Utility of Water Quality Data
Combinations of Quality of Source Waters and Product Waters
Problems
Acknowledgments
Appendix 2.A: Organic Carbon as a Contaminant
Glossary
References
Models
Unit Processes
Models
Modeling Protocol
Units and Dimensions
Examples of Models
Summary
Problems
Glossary
References
Unit Process Principles
Unit Processes
Principles
Reactors
Kinetic Models
Problems
Glossary
References
PARTICULATE SEPARATIONS
Screening
Theory of Screening
Types of Screens
Bar Screens
Comminutors
Fine Screens
Microscreens
Problems
Acknowledgments
Glossary
References
Sedimentation
Key Notions in Design
Particle Settling
Settling Basins
Characterizing Suspensions
Flocculent Suspensions (Type II)
Hindered and Compression Settling (Type III and Type IV Suspensions)
Hydraulics of Settling Basins
Design Practice
Real Basins
Plate Settlers and Tube Settlers
Problems
Acknowledgments
Glossary
References
Grit Chambers
Grit
Horizontal Flow Grit Chambers
Aerated Grit Chambers
Problems
Acknowledgments
Glossary
References
Flotation
Development of Flotation
DAF System Description
Principles of DAF Flotation
Practice
Problems
Acknowledgments
Glossary
References
MICROSCOPIC PARTICLES
Coagulation
Coagulation in a Nutshell
Particles in Ambient Waters
Chemistry
Double Layer Theory
Trivalent Metal Ions: Reactions with Water
Synthetic Aluminum Polymers
Zeta Potential, Charge Density, and Streaming Current Potential
Physical Models
Polymers
Problems
Acknowledgments
Glossary
References
Mixing
Definitions and Applications
History of Mixing
Theory of Mixing
Mixing Technologies
Summary
Problems
Acknowledgments
Glossary
References
Bibliography
Flocculation
Definitions
Applications
History
Theory of Flocculation
Design
Proprietary Technologies
Summary
Problems
Acknowledgments
Appendix 11.A Derivation of Camp and Stein G for Three-Dimensional Cube
Glossary
References
Rapid Filtration
Description of Rapid Filtration
Development of Rapid Filtration
Theory
Design
Operation
Pilot Plants
Wastewater Filtration
Proprietary Equipment
Problems
Acknowledgments
Appendix 12.A—Filtration in New York
Glossary
References
Slow Sand Filtration
Description
Slow Sand as a Process
Design
Pilot Plant Studies
Operation
Problems
Acknowledgments
Glossary
References
Cake Filtration
Description
Cake Filtration Process
Design
Operation
Pilot Plant Studies
Problems
Acknowledgments
Glossary
References
MOLECULES AND IONS
Adsorption
Description
Adsorption Process Theory
Laboratory and Pilot Plant Studies
Design
Operation and Costs
Problems
Acknowledgments
Appendix 15.A: Freundlich Isotherm Coefficients
Glossary
References
Further Readings
Ion-Exchange
Description
Ion-Exchange Theory
Design
Operation
Studies
Problems
Acknowledgments
Appendix 16.A: Ion-Exchange Conversions
Glossary
References
Bibliography
Membrane Processes
Description
History
Theory
Design
Operation
Pilot Plants
Case
Problems
Acknowledgments
Glossary
References
Gas Transfer
Description
Gas Transfer Theory
Design
Case Studies
Problems
Acknowledgments
Appendix 18.A: Onda Coefficients
Glossary
References
Disinfection
Fundamentals
History
Theory
Design
Operation
Problems
Acknowledgments
Glossary
References
Oxidation
Description
Oxidation Theory
Practice
Problems
Acknowledgments
Glossary
References
Further Reading
Precipitation
Description
Precipitation Theory
Practice
Problems
Acknowledgment
Glossary
References
BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT
Biological Processes
Background
Cell Metabolism
Biological Treatment Overview
Cell Yield
Kinetics of Biological Reactions
Summary
Problems
Acknowledgments
Appendix 22.A: Proteins
Appendix 22.B: Michaelis–Menten Equation
Glossary
References
Biological Reactors
Biological Reactor Spectrum
Activated Sludge
Biofilm Reactors
Anaerobic Reactors
Summary
Problems
Appendix 23.A: Biofilm Reactor Model
Glossary
References
Pre Appendix Quick Reference Tables for Constants and Unit Conversions
Appendix A: International System of Units
Appendix B: Physical Constants and Physical Data
Appendix C: Miscellaneous Relations
Appendix D: Fluid Mechanics—Reviews of Selected Topics
Appendix E: Porous Media Hydraulics
Appendix F: Alum Data and Conversions
Appendix G: Dimensionless Numbers
Appendix H: Dissolved Gases
Index
Biography
David Hendricks
