Fundamentals of Machine Elements SI Version

Part I — Fundamentals

Introduction

What is Design?

Design of Mechanical Systems

Design as a Multidisciplinary Endeavor

Design of Machine Elements

Computers in Design

Catalogs and Vendors

Units

Unit Checks

Significant Figures

Summary

Load, Stress, and Strain

Introduction

Critical Section

Load Classification and Sign Convention

Support Reactions

Static Equilibrium

Free-Body Diagram

Supported Beams

Shear and Moment Diagrams

Stress

Stress Element

Stress Tensor

Plane Stress

Mohr’s Circle

Three-Dimensional Stresses

Octahedral Stresses

Strain

Strain Tensor

Plane Strain

Summary

Introduction to Materials and Manufacturing

Introduction

Ductile and Brittle Materials

Classification of Solid Materials

Stress-Strain Diagrams

Properties of Solid Materials

Stress-Strain Relationships

Two-Parameter Materials Charts

Effects of Manufacturing

Summary

Stresses and Strains

Introduction

Properties of Beam Cross Sections

Normal Stress and Strain

Torsion

Bending Stress and Strain

Transverse Shear Stress and Strain

Summary

Deformation

Introduction

Moment-Curvature Relation

Singularity Functions

Method of Superposition

Strain Energy

Castigliano’s Theorem

Summary

Failure Prediction for Static Loading

Introduction

Stress Concentration

Fracture Mechanics

Modes of Crack Growth

Fracture Toughness

Failure Prediction for Uniaxial Stress State

Failure Prediction for Multiaxial Stress State

Summary

Fatigue and Impact

Introduction

Fatigue

Cyclic Stresses

Strain Life Theory of Fatigue

Fatigue Strength

Fatigue Regimes

Stress Concentration Effects

The Modified Endurance Limit

Cumulative Damage

Influence of Nonzero Mean Stress

Influence of Multi-Axial Stress States

Fracture Mechanics Approach to Fatigue

Linear Impact Stresses and Deformations

Summary

Lubrication, Friction, and Wear

Introduction

Surface Parameters

Conformal and Nonconformal Surfaces

Hertzian Contact

Bearing Materials

Lubricant Rheology

Regimes of Lubrication

Friction

Wear

Summary

Part II — Machine Elements

Columns

Introduction

Equilibrium Regimes

Concentrically Loaded Columns

End Conditions

Euler’s Buckling Criterion

Johnson’s Buckling Criterion

AISC Criteria

Eccentrically Loaded Columns

Summary

Stresses and Deformations in Cylinders

Introduction

Tolerances and Fits

Pressurization Effects

Rotational Effects

Press Fits

Shrink Fits

Summary

Shafting and Associated Parts

Introduction

Design of Shafts for Static Loading

Fatigue Design of Shafts

Additional Shaft Design Considerations

Critical Speed of Rotating Shafts

Keys, Roll Pins, Splines and Set Screws

Retaining Rings and Pins

Flywheels

Couplings

Summary

Hydrodynamic and Hydrostatic Bearings

Introduction

The Reynolds Equation

Thrust Slider Bearings

Journal Slider Bearings

Squeeze Film Bearings

Hydrostatic Bearings

Summary

Rolling-Element Bearings

Introduction

Historical Overview

Bearing Types and Selection

Geometry

Kinematics

Separators

Static Load Distribution

Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication

Fatigue Life

Variable Loading

Summary

General Gear Theory; Spur Gears

Introduction

Types of Gears

Gear Geometry

Gear Ratio

Contact Ratio and Gear Velocity

Tooth Thickness and Backlash

Gear Trains

Gear Manufacture and Quality

Gear Materials

Loads Acting on a Gear Tooth

Bending Stresses in Gear Teeth

Contact Stresses in Gear Teeth

Elastohydrodynamic Film Thickness

Gear Design Synthesis

Summary

Helical, Bevel, and Worm Gears

Introduction

Helical Gears

Bevel Gears

Worm Gears

Summary

Fasteners, Connections, and Power Screws

Introduction

Thread Terminology, Classification, and Designation

Power Screws

Threaded Fasteners

Riveted Fasteners

Welded, Brazed, and Soldered Joints

Adhesive Bonding

Integrated Snap Fasteners

Summary

Springs

Introduction

Spring Materials

Helical Compression Springs

Helical Extension Springs

Helical Torsion Springs

Leaf Springs

Gas Springs

Belleville Springs

Wave Springs

Summary

Brakes and Clutches

Introduction

Thermal Considerations

Thrust Pad Clutches and Brakes

Cone Clutches and Brakes

Block or Short-Shoe Brakes

Long-Shoe, Internal, Expanding Rim Brakes

Long-Shoe, External, Contracting Rim Brakes

Symmetrically Loaded Pivot-Shoe Brakes

Band Brakes

Slip Clutches

Summary

Flexible Machine Elements

Introduction

Flat Belts

Synchronous Belts

V-Belts

Wire Ropes

Rolling Chains

Summary

Appendices

Index

Biography

Steven R. Schmid received his B.S. in mechanical engineering from the Illinois Institute of Technology in 1986. He earned his master’s degree from Northwestern University in 1989 and his Ph.D. in 1993, both in mechanical engineering. In 1993 he joined the faculty at the University of Notre Dame, where he is a professor of aerospace and mechanical engineering, teaching and conducting research in design and manufacturing. Dr. Schmid holds professional engineering (P.E.) and certified manufacturing engineer (C.Mfg.E.) licenses. He was awarded the ASME Foundation Swanson Fellowship in 2012, and is a Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

Bernard J. Hamrock joined the staff of Ohio State University as a professor of mechanical engineering in 1985 and is now professor emeritus. Before joining Ohio State University he spent 18 years as a research consultant in the Tribology Branch of the NASA Lewis Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio. He received his Ph.D. and doctor of engineering degrees from the University of Leeds, England. His research has resulted in a book, three separate chapters for handbooks, and over 150 archival publications. He has received several awards including the 2000 Mayo D. Hersey Award from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

Bo O. Jacobson received his Ph.D. and D.Sc. degrees from Lund University in Sweden. From 1973 until 1987 he was professor of machine elements at Luleå University of Technology in Sweden. In 1987 he joined SKF Engineering & Research Centre in the Netherlands, while retaining a professorship at Chalmers University from 1987 to 1991 and at Luleå University of Technology from 1992 to 1997. In 1997 he was appointed professor of machine elements at Lund University, Sweden. He has published four compendia used at Swedish universities, and has contributed more than 100 archival publications. His awards include the Tribology Gold Medal received in 1997.