Fluid Mechanics: An Intermediate Approach addresses the problems facing engineers today by taking on practical, rather than theoretical problems. Instead of following an approach that focuses on mathematics first, this book allows you to develop an intuitive physical understanding of various fluid flows, including internal compressible flows with simultaneous area change, friction, heat transfer, and rotation. Drawing on over 40 years of industry and teaching experience, the author emphasizes physics-based analyses and quantitative predictions needed in the state-of-the-art thermofluids research and industrial design applications. Numerous worked-out examples and illustrations are used in the book to demonstrate various problem-solving techniques.
The book covers compressible flow with rotation, Fanno flows, Rayleigh flows, isothermal flows, normal shocks, and oblique shocks; Bernoulli, Euler, and Navier-Stokes equations; boundary layers; and flow separation.
- Includes two value-added chapters on special topics that reflect the state of the art in design applications of fluid mechanics
- Contains a value-added chapter on incompressible and compressible flow network modeling and robust solution methods not found in any leading book in fluid mechanics
- Gives an overview of CFD technology and turbulence modeling without its comprehensive mathematical details
- Provides an exceptional review and reinforcement of the physics-based understanding of incompressible and compressible flows with many worked-out examples and problems from real-world fluids engineering applications
Fluid Mechanics: An Intermediate Approach
uniquely aids in the intuitive understanding of various fluid flows for their physics-based analyses and quantitative predictions needed in the state-of-the-art thermofluids research and industrial design applications.Kinematics of Fluid Flow
Introduction
What is a Fluid?
Streamline, Pathline, and Streakline
Conservation Principles for a Material Region
Basic Analysis Techniques
Some Interesting Flows
Properties of Velocity Field
Concluding Remarks
Problems
References
Nomenclature
Key Concepts of Thermofluids
Introduction
Pressure
Temperature
Internal Energy, Enthalpy, and Entropy
Stream Thrust
Rothalpy
Concluding Remarks
Problems
Bibliography
Nomenclature
Control Volume Analysis
Introduction
Lagrangian versus Eulerian Approach
Reynolds Transport Theorem
Integral Mass Conservation Equation
Differential Mass Conservation Equation
Linear Momentum Equation in Inertial Reference Frame
Linear Momentum Equation in Non-Inertial Reference Frame
Angular Momentum Equation in Inertial and Non-Inertial Reference Frames
Energy Conservation Equation
Entropy Equation
Concluding Remarks
Problems
Bibliography
Nomenclature
Bernoulli Equation
Introduction
Original Bernoulli Equation
Extended Bernoulli Equation
Concluding Remarks
Problems
References
Bibliography
Nomenclature
Compressible Flow
Introduction
Classification of Compressible Flows
Compressible Flow Functions
Variable-Area Duct Flow with Friction, Heat Transfer, and Rotation
Isentropic Flow in a Variable-Area Duct
Isentropic Flow in a Constant-Area Duct with Rotation
Isentropic Flow in a Variable-Area Duct with Rotation
Fanno Flow
Rayleigh Flow
Isothermal Constant-Area Flow with Friction
Normal Shock
Oblique Shock
Prandtl–Meyer Flow
Operation of Nozzles and Diffusers
Concluding Remarks
Problems
References
Bibliography
Nomenclature
Potential Flow
Introduction
Basic Concepts
Elementary Plane Potential Flows
Superposition of Two or More Plane Potential Flows
Force and Moment on a Body in Plane Potential Flows
Conformal Transformation
Concluding Remarks
Problems
References
Bibliography
Nomenclature
Navier–Stokes Equations: Exact Solutions
Introduction
Forces on a Fluid Element
Deformation Rate Tensor
Differential Forms of the Equations of Motion
Navier–Stokes Equations
Exact Solutions
Navier–Stokes Equations in Terms of Vorticity and Stream Function
Slow Flow
Concluding Remarks
Problems
References
Bibliography
Nomenclature
Boundary Layer Flow
Introduction
Description of a Boundary Layer
Differential Boundary Layer Equations
Von Karman Momentum Integral Equation
Laminar Boundary Layer on a Flat Plate
Laminar Boundary Layer in Wedge Flows
Boundary Layer Separation
Concluding Remarks
Problems
References
Nomenclature
Flow Network Modeling
Introduction
Anatomy of a Flow Network
Physics-Based Modeling
Incompressible Flow Network
Compressible Flow Network
Flow Network Solution
Concluding Remarks
References
Bibliography
Nomenclature
Turbulent Flow Computational Fluid Dynamics: An Industrial Overview
Introduction
Industrial Analysis and Design Systems
CFD Technology Used in Various Industries
CFD Methodology
Common Form of Governing Conservation Equations
Physics of Turbulence
Turbulence Modeling
Boundary Conditions
Choice of a Turbulence Model
Illustrative Design Applications of CFD Technology
Physics-Based Post-Processing of CFD Results
Concluding Remarks
References
Bibliography
Nomenclature
Appendices
Compressible Flow Equations and Tables
Analytical Solution of Coupled Heat Transfer and Work Transfer in a Rotating Duct Flow
Temperature and Pressure Changes in Isentropic Free and Forced Vortices
Converting Quantities between Stator and Rotor Reference Frames
Vorticity and Circulation
Review of Necessary Mathematics
Suggested Project Problems
Biography
Dr. Bijay (BJ) K. Sultanian is a recognized international authority in thermofluids and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). He is the founder and managing member of Takaniki Communications, LLC, and an adjunct professor at the University of Central Florida, where he teaches graduate-level courses in turbomachinery and fluid mechanics. For nearly half of his 40+ year career, he worked at GE and Siemens. Sultanian received his BSME from IIT Kanpur and MSME from IIT Madras. He received his PhD in mechanical engineering from Arizona State University, Tempe, and MBA from the Lally School of Management and Technology at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.
"… addresses a series of topics in this book, that are often left to more advanced courses or not covered at all at university. … this book is recommended to students undertaking advanced topics in engineering fluid mechanics as well as practicing engineers who find they need something that goes beyond the treatment found in introductory text.
—Professor Peter Childs, Head of School, Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London
"The Table of Contents demonstrates that the topics here considered cover the arguments of at least two courses at M. Sc. Level. … The arguments were treated in a proper way and clearly explained. … I particularly appreciated presence of a chapter on Flow Network Modelling, which is usually treated in M.Sc. courses using very crude assumptions. I think that this book can be used in many Universities throughout the world. I am thinking to include parts of the arguments in my course Computational Thermo-Fluids Analysis in Fluid Machinery, for M.Sc. students in Mechanical Engineering and Energy Engineering."
—Domenico Borello, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy
"Bijay Sultanian has brought together in one well written book the necessary material an engineer needs to know to be able to design and analyze fluid machinery."
—Ameri, The Ohio State University
"This new volume offers excellent intermediate course material in fluid mechanics. The coverage, example problems, and material are carefully designed to guide students through challenging concepts for a variety of subject areas. I highly recommend this text."
—Phil Ligrani, Eminent Scholar in Propulsion, University of Alabama in Huntsville