1st Edition

Essential Oils Contact Allergy and Chemical Composition

By Anton C. de Groot, Erich Schmidt Copyright 2016
    1058 Pages 2 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    Essential Oils: Contact Allergy and Chemical Composition provides a full review of contact allergy to essential oils along with detailed analyses of the chemical composition of essential oils known to cause contact allergy. In addition to literature data, this book presents the results of nearly 6,400 previously unpublished sample analyses, by far the largest set of essential oils analyses ever reported in a single source of scientific literature.

    Covering 91 essential oils and two absolutes, the book presents an alphabetical list of all 4,350 ingredients that have been identified in them, a list of chemicals known to cause contact allergy and allergic contact dermatitis, and tabular indications of the ingredients that can be found in each essential oil.

    The book discusses contact allergy and allergic contact dermatitis for each of the oils and absolutes, sometimes able to provide only one or two reports but drawing upon considerable amounts of literature in other cases, such as with tea tree oil, ylang-ylang oil, lavender oil, rose oil, turpentine oil, jasmine absolute, and sandalwood oil.

    While limited information on the main components and their concentrations would be enough for most dermatologists, this book gives extensive coverage not only to improve levels of medical knowledge and quality of patient care, but also for the benefit of professionals beyond clinical study and practice, such as chemists in the perfume and cosmetics industries, perfumers, academic scientists working with essential oils and fragrances, aromatherapists, legislators, and those involved in the production, sale, and acquisition of essential oils.

    Key Features:

    • Provides a full literature review of contact allergy to and chemical composition of 91 essential oils and two absolutes
    • Presents the largest set of analytical reports on essential oils in scientific literature to date
    • Provides tables of all chemicals which can be found in each essential oil with concentrations
    • Presents an alphabetical list of 4,350 ingredients identified in the oils and absolutes with their synonyms and specifying in which oils each chemical can be present
    • Provides a tabular list of all known allergens to the oils discussed
    • Includes reference tables on the quantitative composition of essential oils that are of regulatory use to the fragrance industry
    • Covers an extensive amount of information to benefit non-medical professionals involved with the research, production, distribution, and use of essential oils and products containing essential oils

    Introduction
    Why a Book on Contact Allergy to and Chemical Composition of Essential Oils?
    Contact Allergy to Essential Oils: A Survey of Oils and Plants
    Chemical Composition of Essential Oils: Data Provided

    Essential Oils: General Aspects
    Introduction
    What Are Essential Oils?
    Products Obtained from Plants Which Are Not Essential Oils
    History
    What Are Essential Oils Used For?
    Production of Essential Oils
    Chemistry of Essential Oils
    Factors Influencing the Composition of Essential Oils
    Analysis of Essential Oils
    Quality, Purity and Adulteration of Essential Oils

    Contact Allergy to Essential Oils: General Aspects
    Essential Oils Which Have Caused Contact Allergy
    Frequency of Contact Allergy to Essential Oils
    Clinical Relevance of Positive Patch Test Reactions to Essential Oils
    Reports of Allergic Contact Dermatitis from Essential Oils
    Clinical Picture of Allergic Contact Dermatitis from Essential Oils
    Products Responsible for Allergic Contact Dermatitis from Essential Oils
    Occupational Allergic Contact Dermatitis from Essential Oils
    Co-Reactivity to Other Test Substances in Patients Reacting to Essential Oils
    Analytical Investigation of the Components of Essential Oils Which Have Caused Allergic Contact Dermatitis
    The Allergens in Essential Oils
    Patch Testing with Essential Oils and Their Ingredients

    Chemicals Identified in Essential Oils Which Have Caused Contact Allergy

    Chemical Composition of and Contact Allergy to Essential Oils
    Introduction to the Oil Chapters
    Angelica Fruit Oil
    Angelica Root Oil
    Aniseed Oil
    Basil Oil, Sweet
    Bay Oil
    Bergamot Oil
    Black Cumin Oil
    Black Pepper Oil
    Cajeput Oil
    Calamus Oil
    Cananga Oil
    Carrot Seed Oil
    Cassia Bark Oil
    Cassia Leaf Oil
    Cedarwood Oil, Atlas
    Cedarwood Oil, China
    Cedarwood Oil, Texas
    Cedarwood Oil, Virginia
    Chamomile Oil, German
    Chamomile Oil, Roman
    Cinnamon Bark Oil, Sri Lanka
    Cinnamon Leaf Oil, Sri Lanka
    Citronella Oil, Java
    Citronella Oil, Sri Lanka
    Clary Sage Oil
    Clove Bud Oil
    Clove Leaf Oil
    Clove Stem Oil
    Coriander Fruit Oil
    Costus Root Oil
    Cypress Oil
    Dwarf Pine Oil
    Elemi Oil
    Eucalyptus Citriodora Oil
    Eucalyptus Globulus Oil
    Galbanum Resin Oil
    Geranium Oil
    Ginger Oil
    Grapefruit Oil
    Guaiacwood Oil
    Hyssop Oil
    Jasminum Grandiflorum Absolute
    Jasminum Sambac Absolute
    Juniper Berry Oil
    Laurel Leaf Oil
    Lavandin Abrial Oil
    Lavandin Grosso Oil
    Lavandin Oil (Other Cultivars and Cultivar Not Specified)
    Lavender Oil
    Lemon Oil
    Lemongrass Oil, East Indian
    Lemongrass Oil, West Indian
    Litsea Cubeba Oil
    Lovage Oil
    Mandarin Oil
    Marjoram Oil (Sweet)
    Melissa Oil (Lemon Balm)
    Myrrh Oil
    Neem Oil
    Neroli Oil
    Niaouli Oil
    Nutmeg Oil
    Olibanum Oil (Frankincense Oil)
    Orange Oil, Bitter
    Orange Oil, Sweet
    Palmarosa Oil
    Patchouli Oil
    Peppermint Oil
    Petitgrain Bigarade Oil
    Pine Needle Oil (Scots Pine Oil)
    Ravensara Oil
    Rosemary Oil
    Rose Oil
    Rosewood Oil
    Sage Oil, Dalmatian
    Sage Oil, Spanish
    Sandalwood Oil
    Silver Fir Oil
    Spearmint Oil
    Spike Lavender Oil
    Star Anise Oil
    Tangerine Oil
    Tea Tree Oil
    Thuja Oil
    Thyme Oil
    Thyme Oil, Spanish
    Turpentine Oil
    Valerian Oil
    Vetiver Oil
    Ylang-Ylang Oil
    Zdravetz Oil
    Cardamom Oil
    Himalayan Cedarwood Oil

    Chemicals in Essential Oils: Alphabetical List and Oils in Which They Have Been Identified

    List of Synonyms

    Biography

    Anton C. de Groot, 1980-2002 dermatologist in private practice in two hospitals in ‘s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands. PhD 1988: Adverse Reactions to Cosmetics. Author of over 500 publications including 70 book chapters and 14 books, of which 4 are international (mainly for dermatologists) and 10 in Dutch for general practitioners, medical students, skin therapists, podiatrists/pedicures and (parents of) patients with atopic dermatitis. Regularly teaches dermatology to medical students at the University of Groningen. Member of the Editorial Board of the journal Dermatitis (specialized in contact allergy). Co-founder and former 10-year Editor-in-Chief of the Dutch Journal for Dermatology and Venereology.

    Anton C. De Groot is an honourary member of the American Contact Dermatitis Society, he was specifically recognised for his contributions to the field through his series Monographs in Contact Allergy

    Further information can be found on the author's website www.patchtesting.info

    Erich Schmidt completed his studies in business economics at the Landshut University of Applied Sciences, Bavaria, Germany. Since he first began working with essential oils in a middle-sized German company that designed and produced perfume compositions, his interest in analyzing the compositions of essential oils increased. He eventually established an analytical laboratory and as the use of aromatherapy grew in Germany, he provided information about risks, safety evaluation, and genuineness of essential oils. In 1995 he was chosen as the German responsible representative of the International Organization for Standardization’s Technical Committee 54, Essential Oils. Since 2005, he has authored or coauthored more than 90 publications in numerous journals, and contributed two chapters to the Handbook of Essential Oils.

    " 'Essential Oils – contact allergy and chemical composition'... can be very helpful not only to dermatologists, but also for other professionals, such as chemists working in the perfumery and cosmetic industry, academic scientists working with essential oils and fragrances, aromatherapists, legislators, and those involved in the production, sale, and acquisition of essential oils.

    Unique features of the book are included in the final chapters:

    A table of all chemicals which can be found in each essential oil with concentrations.

    An alphabetical list of 4,350 ingredients identified in the oils and absolutes, with their synonyms and CAS numbers, specifying in which oils each chemical can be present.

    A book that represents a 'must to have' for all of us involved in the fascinating world of essential oils."

    Luigi Mondello, for the Journal of Essential Oil Research, November 2016, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2016.1245825.

    ‘Every dermatologist who patch tests his or her dermatitis patients with more than only the European baseline series, should have, according to the reviewer, a copy of this book. It will be the standard for this subject for a very long time. The book should also be useful to academic scientists working in the field of essential oils and fragrances, cosmetic chemists, analytical chemists, perfumers, aromatherapists, and legislators.’

    T.L. Diepgen, Heidelberg, for Dermatologie in Beruf und Umwelt, 2017;65(1):41.

    ‘This interesting book, written by two well-known scientists, results a fundamental tool to be kept in the library as consultant mean useful not only for all students of the chemical and medical community, but also for dermatologists and cosmetic chemists, who wish to know the chemical composition of the more known essential oils and understand their capacity to cause possible contact allergy. … I think that also this book will represent a milestone for Dermatologists and Cosmetic Chemists. This is my hope.’

    P. Morganti, J. Appl. Cosmetol., 34. 158-160 (July / December 2016).