1st Edition
Environmental and Human Safety of Major Surfactants Alcohol Ethoxylates and Alkylphenol Ethoxylates
The book summarizes and reviews the environmental and human safety of two classes of nonionic surfactants-alcohol ethoxylates (AE) and alkylphenol ethoxylates (APE). This unique resource contains critical data from published sources as well as from unpublished studies submitted by Soap and Detergent Association member companies. It reviews information on product chemistry and analysis, biodegradation, environmental levels (including fate and distribution), aquatic toxicity, and human safety. Recently developed analytical techniques for the extraction, separation, detection, and measurement of nonionic surfactants and their metabolites in environmental samples are described.
Results of biodegradation studies performed with a variety of test systems are tabulated, as are results of field studies at wastewater treatment plants. Reported comparisons of environmental levels with results of acute and chronic aquatic toxicity tests are provided. The information on the toxicity and irritation potential of AE and APE surfactants includes data from in vitro, mammalian, and human studies.
Background
Chemistry and Manufacture
Product CAS Identification
References
Environmental Levels
Analytical Methods
Water Quality Standards
Nonionic Surfactants in Natural Bodies of Water
References
Biodegradation
Laboratory Investigations
Field Studies
Effect of Chemical Structure
Effect of Environmental Variables
Metabolic Pathways of Biodegradation
References
Environmental Toxicology
Aquatic Toxicity
Effects on Microorganisms
Effects on Higher Plants
Mode of Action
References
Human Safety
Animal Studies
Human Studies
References
Appendix
References
Biography
Sylvia. S. Talmage (Author)