2nd Edition
Engineering Design with Polymers and Composites
Engineering Design with Polymers and Composites, Second Edition continues to provide one of the only textbooks on the analysis and design of mechanical components made from polymer materials. It explains how to create polymer materials to meet design specifications.
After tracing the history of polymers and composites, the text describes modern design concepts, such as weight-to-strength ratio and cost-to-strength ratio, for selecting polymers and composites for design applications. It also presents computer methods for choosing polymer materials from a database, for optimal design, and for laminated plate design.
New to the Second Edition
This edition rearranges many chapters and adds a significant amount of new material. Composites are now covered in two chapters, instead of one. This edition also includes entirely new chapters on polymer fusing and other assembly techniques, rapid prototyping, and piezoelectric polymers.
Suitable for mechanical and civil engineering students as well as practicing engineers, this book helps readers get an edge in the rapidly changing electromechanical industry. It gives them a fundamental foundation for understanding phenomena that they will encounter in real-life applications or through subsequent study and research.
Introduction
Introduction
History of Polymers
History of Composites
Examples of Polymers and Composites in Use
Definitions and Classifications
Identification of Plastics
Raw Materials and Production of Polymers
Chemical Structures
Glass Transition and Melting Temperatures
Mechanical Properties of Polymers
Introduction
Tensile Properties
Static Failure Theories
Creep Properties
Relaxation Properties
Dynamic Properties
Large Strain Definitions
Analysis of Damping
Time Hardening Creep
Isochronous Creep Curves
Viscoelastic Behavior of Polymers
Mechanical Models
Mathematical Models
The Maxwell Fluid
The Kelvin Solid
The Four-Parameter Model
The Boltzmann Superposition Principle
Advanced Viscoelastic Models
The Viscoelastic Correspondence Principle
The Time–Temperature Equivalence Principle
Creep and Fatigue Failure
Creep Failure under Tension
Creep Failure under Compression
Fatigue of Polymers
Notch Sensitivity under Fatigue
Creep Buckling of Shells
Impact Strength and Fracture Toughness
Impact Strength
Fracture Toughness
Analysis of the Charpy and Izod Impact Tests using Fracture Mechanics
Analysis of Impact Specimens at the Nanoscale
Selection of Polymers for Design Applications
Introduction
Basic Material Properties
Performance Parameters
Loading Conditions and Geometrical Configurations
Availability of Materials
A Rectangular Beam in Bending
Weighting-Factor Analysis
Thermal Gradient through a Beam
Rating Factors for Various Loading Requirements
Design Optimization
Computer Database Design Selection Procedure
Design Applications of Some Polymers
Phenolic Resins with Fillers
Polycarbonate
Example Design with PC: Fan Impeller Blade
Example Design with PC: Snap/Fit Design
Example Design of PVC Pipe
Design with Fluorocarbon Resins
Composite Material Mechanics
Introduction
Composite Material Nomenclature and Definitions
Analysis of Composite Structures
Experimental Determination of Engineering Elastic Constants
Composite Laminate Failure
Strength Properties and Failure Theories
Stiffness of Laminated Composites
Thermal Stresses
Summary
Polymer Processing
Extrusion
Manufacture of PVC Pipe by Extrusion
Injection Molding
Thermoforming
Blow Molding
Adhesion of Polymers and Composites
Introduction
Fundamentals of Adhesion
Adhesives
Enhancement of Adhesion in Composites
Curing of Adhesives
Summary
Polymer Fusing and Other Assembly Techniques
Introduction
Heated Tool Welding
Ultrasonic Welding
Friction Welding
Laser Welding
Hot Gas
Resistance Welding
Induction Welding
Mechanical Fastener Connections
Tribology of Polymers and Composites
Introduction
Contact Mechanics
Surface Topography
Friction
Wear
PV Limit
Rolling and Sliding
Modification of Polymers for Friction and Wear Performance
Composites
Wear of Composites
Heat Generation in Sliding Polymer Systems
Special Considerations
Simulative Laboratory Testing
Damping and Isolation with Polymers and Composites
Introduction
Relevance of the Thermomechanical Spectrum
Damping Methods of Material Modification
Materials for Damping and Isolation
Fundamentals of Vibration Damping and Isolation
Role of Dampers
Damping Layers
Rapid Prototyping with Polymers
Introduction
Rapid Product Development, Tooling, and Manufacture
RP Techniques
RP Materials
Applications
Piezoelectric Polymers
Introduction
Piezoelectric Strain Behavior
Piezoelectric Material Properties
Hysteresis
Composites
Appendix A: Conversion Factors
Appendix B: Area Moments of Inertia
Appendix C: Beam Reactions and Displacements
Appendix D: Laminate MATLAB® or Octave Code
Appendix E: Sample Input/Output for Laminate Program
Appendix F: Composite Materials Properties
Appendix G: Thermal and Electrical Properties
Index
Homework Problems and References appear at the end of each chapter.
Biography
James C. Gerdeen, Ph.D., P.E., is a professor emeritus at the University of Colorado at Denver and Health Science Center and a distinguished professor at Michigan Technological University. He has published over 65 papers and over 100 research reports. His research interests include pressure vessel design, structural analysis, metal working manufacturing, and mechanical design.
Ronald A.L. Rorrer, Ph.D., P.E., is an associate professor at the University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center. He has published over 30 papers and holds one patent. His research areas include tribology, polymers, composites, and bioengineering.
