This handbook surveys the range of methods and fuel types used in generating energy for industry, transportation, and heating and cooling of buildings. Solar, wind, biomass, nuclear, geothermal, ocean and fossil fuels are discussed and compared, and the thermodynamics of energy conversion is explained. Appendices are provided with fully updated data. Thoroughly revised, this second edition surveys the latest advances in energy conversion from a wide variety of currently available energy sources. It describes energy sources such as fossil fuels, biomass (including refuse-derived biomass fuels), nuclear, solar radiation, wind, geothermal, and ocean, then provides the terminology and units used for each energy resource and their equivalence. It includes an overview of the steam power cycles, gas turbines, internal combustion engines, hydraulic turbines, Stirling engines, advanced fossil fuel power systems, and combined-cycle power plants. It outlines the development, current use, and future of nuclear power.
Preface ..............................................................................................................................................ix
Contributors.....................................................................................................................................xi
1. Global Energy Systems..........................................................................................................1
D. Yogi Goswami and Frank Kreith
Section I Energy Resources
2. Fossil Fuels..............................................................................................................................33
Robert Reuther, Richard Bajura, and Philip C. Crouse
3. Biomass Properties and Resources.................................................................................... 61
Mark M. Wright and Robert C. Brown
4. Municipal Solid Waste.........................................................................................................73
Shelly H. Schneider
5. Nuclear Resources................................................................................................................. 81
James S. Tulenko
6. Solar Energy Resources........................................................................................................85
D. Yogi Goswami
7. Wind Energy Resource....................................................................................................... 137
Dale E. Berg
8. Geothermal Energy............................................................................................................. 177
Joel L. Renner and Marshall J. Reed
Section II Energy Conversion
9. Steam Power Plant............................................................................................................... 191
John Kern
10. Gas Turbines.........................................................................................................................209
Richard H. Bunce
11. Internal Combustion Engines...........................................................................................223
David E. Klett, Elsayed M. Afify, Kalyan K. Srinivasan, and Timothy J. Jacobs
12. Hydraulic Turbines............................................................................................................. 257
Roger E.A. Arndt and Leonardo P. Chamorro
13. Advanced Fossil Fuel Power Systems.............................................................................. 281
Seyfettin C. (John) Gülen
14. Stirling Engines...................................................................................................................447
Frank Kreith
15. Nuclear Power Technologies through Year 2035...........................................................455
Kenneth D. Kok and Edwin A. Harvego
16. Nuclear Fusion..................................................................................................................... 491
François Waelbroeck
17. Energy Storage Technologies............................................................................................ 497
Jeffrey P. Chamberlain, Roel Hammerschlag, and Christopher P. Schaber
18. Solar Thermal Energy Conversion................................................................................... 525
T. Agami Reddy and Jeffrey H. Morehouse
19. Concentrating Solar Thermal Power...............................................................................655
Manuel Romero, Jose Gonzalez-Aguilar, and Eduardo Zarza
20. Photovoltaics Fundamentals, Technology and Application....................................... 765
Roger Messenger, D. Yogi Goswami, Hari M. Upadhyaya, Senthilarasu Sundaram,
Aruna Ivaturi, Stephan Buecheler, and Ayodhya N. Tiwari
21. Wind Energy Conversion................................................................................................... 851
Dale E. Berg
22. Biomass Conversion Process for Energy Recovery....................................................... 897
Mark M. Wright and Robert C. Brown
23. Geothermal Power Generation......................................................................................... 931
Kevin Kitz
24. Waste-to-Energy Combustion...........................................................................................985
Charles O. Velzy and Leonard M. Grillo
25. Fuel Cells............................................................................................................................. 1033
Xianguo Li
26. Direct Energy Conversion................................................................................................ 1085
Mysore L. Ramalingam, Jean-Pierre Fleurial, and George Nolas
Appendix A: The International System of Units, Fundamental Constants,
and Conversion Factors................................................................................ 1103
Appendix B: Solar Radiation Data........................................................................................ 1109
Appendix C: Properties of Gases, Vapors, Liquids, and Solids...................................... 1137
Appendix D: Ultimate Analysis of Biomass Fuels............................................................ 1151
Index 1153
Biography
D. Yogi Goswami is a distinguished university professor and director of the Clean Energy Research Center at the University of South Florida. He conducts fundamental and applied research on solar thermal power and cooling, photocatalytic detoxification and disinfection, thermodynamics, third-generation photovoltaics, and hydrogen production and storage. Professor Goswami is the editor in chief of Solar Energy and Progress in Solar Energy. He has published as an author or editor 19 books and more than 375 refereed technical papers. He also holds 17 patents, some of which have been successfully commercialized.
Frank Kreith is professor emeritus of engineering at the University of Colorado, Boulder, USA. He received his MS in engineering from the University of California, Los Angeles, and his doctorate from the University of Paris in 1964. From 1953 to 1959 he was associate professor of mechanical engineering at Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA. In 1959, he joined the University of Colorado, where he held appointments as professor of mechanical and chemical engineering. He was senior research fellow at the Solar Energy Research Institute, and has consulted for NATO, the U.S. Agency of International Development, and the United Nations. Dr. Kreith was recently awarded the Association of Engineering Societies’ 2016 John Fritz Medal for his achievements in the advancement of solar energy.
The second edition of Energy Conversion is an excellent resource, as there is growing interest in the substitution of renewable energy sources for fossil fuels. The book is divided into two sections— "Energy Resources" and "Energy Conversion." The first section presents a good review of current energy sources such as fossil fuels, biomass, municipal solid waste, nuclear, solar, wind, and geothermal. Under each topic, the availability of the resources, production, transportation, and environmental features are discussed. The second section covers energy conversion from different technologies to power/work. Some of the topics covered in this section include gas turbines, internal combustion engines, hydraulic turbines, advanced fossil fuel power systems, nuclear fusion, energy storage technologies, solar thermal energy conversion, wind energy conversion, biomass conversion process, waste-to-energy combustion, fuel cells, and direct energy conversion. Each chapter offers a general review of the topic and relevant scientific fundamentals, followed by technology applications.
—CHOICE, March 2018