1st Edition
Endogenous and Exogenous Regulation and Control of Physiological Systems
From a biomedical engineering perspective, this book takes an analytic, quantitative approach to describing the basic components of physiological regulators and control systems (PRCs). In Endogenous and Exogenous Regulation and Control of Physiological Systems, the author provides grounding in the classical methods of designing linear and nonlinear systems. He also offers state-of-the-art material on the potential of PRCs to treat immune system ailments, most notably AIDS and cancer.
The book focuses on certain "wet" physiological regulators, such as those using endocrine hormones as parametric control substances. Endogenous and Exogenous Regulation and Control of Physiological Systems includes simulations that illustrate model validations and the putative control of cancer and HIV proliferation. It explores novel, untried immunotherapies on the cutting-edge of PRC treatment and explores the latest technologies.
Introduction
Physiology and Physiological Regulation Defined
The Purposes of Modeling
Some General Properties of PRCs
Some General Properties of Linear, Time-Varying, and Nonlinear Systems
Parametric Control
Chapter Summary
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL FACTORS GOVERNING THE BEHAVIOR OF PRCS
Introduction
Behavior of Fluidic Systems Under Laminar Flow Conditions
Diffusion Dynamics and Fick's First Law
Mass-Action Kinetics in Chemical Systems
Chapter Summary
Introduction to SISO Control Systems and Systems with Delays
Introduction
Conventional Controllers for Linear Plants with Real Poles
The Use of Root Locus in Linear Control System Design
Some Tests for Stability in Linear and Certain Classes of Nonlinear Systems
Linear Closed-Loop Systems with Delay; Stability Problems
Chapter Summary
INTRODUCTION TO COMPARTMENTAL MODELING AND PHARMACOKINETIC SYSTEMS
Introduction
Basic Compartmental Analysis
The Use of Washout Curves and Bolus Inputs to Identify the Parameters of Simple CPK Systems
Overview of Drug Input controllers
Chapter Summary
SPECIAL TYPES OF CLOSED-LOOP DRUG INPUT CONTROLLERS
Introduction
Design of ON/OFF, Limit-Cycling Controllers for
CPK/P Systems
Nonlinear Decoupling Controllers for Two Input/Two-Output CPK Systems
Integral Pulse Frequency Modulation (IPFM) Bolus Controllers
Introduction to Nonlinear, Parameter Switching Controllers
Chapter Summary
Hormonal Regulation of Sodium, Potassium, and Calcium Ions
Introduction
Implicit Summing Points in Hormonal Regulation
Introduction to the Physiology of the Kidneys
The Regulation of Plasma Sodium Ion Concentration and Osmolarity
Regulation of Plasma Potassium Ions by the Aldosterone System
Calcium Ion Regulation
Magnesium Ion Regulation Chapter Summary
REGULATION OF BLOOD GLUCOSE
Introduction
Molecules Important in Normoglycemic Regulation
The Normal Blood Glucose Regulation System
A Model for Normal Blood Glucose Regulation
The Cobelli and Mari Model for Glucoregulation
Diabetes Mellitus
Exogenous Glucoregulation: The Artificial Beta Cell
Chapter Summary
CONTROL OF MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE BY SODIUM NITROPRUSSIDE INJECTION
Introduction
The Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics of Sodium Nitroprusside
MAP/SNP Controllers Using PI Processing and Smith Delay Compensation
Adaptive and Self-Tuning Controllers for MAP
Chapter Summary
CONTROL OF POST-OPERATIVE PAIN BY SELF-ADMINISTERED OPIOIDS
Introduction
The Neurophysiological and Pharmacological Basis for Pain
The PCA System of Reasbeck and Jacobs
The PCA Model of Liu and Northrop
Chapter Summary
THE HUMAN IMMUNE SYSTEM SEEN FROM A BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING VIEWPOINT
Introduction
Immune System Cells
Antigen Presentation
Immunocytokines, Their Sources, Effects, and Targets
Apoptosis in the Immune System
The Art of Mathematically Modeling Scenarios in the Immune System
Chapter Summary
SOME SIMULATION PACKAGES SUITABLE FOR MODELING NONLINEAR SYSTEMS
Biography
Robert B. Northrop (University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA) (Author)