1st Edition

Endogenous and Exogenous Regulation and Control of Physiological Systems

By Robert B. Northrop Copyright 1999

    From a biomedical engineering perspective, this book takes an analytic, quantitative approach to describing the basic components of physiological regulators and control systems (PRCs). In Endogenous and Exogenous Regulation and Control of Physiological Systems, the author provides grounding in the classical methods of designing linear and nonlinear systems. He also offers state-of-the-art material on the potential of PRCs to treat immune system ailments, most notably AIDS and cancer.

    The book focuses on certain "wet" physiological regulators, such as those using endocrine hormones as parametric control substances. Endogenous and Exogenous Regulation and Control of Physiological Systems includes simulations that illustrate model validations and the putative control of cancer and HIV proliferation. It explores novel, untried immunotherapies on the cutting-edge of PRC treatment and explores the latest technologies.

    INTRODUCTION TO PHYSIOLOGICAL REGULATORS AND CONTROL SYSTEMS
    Introduction
    Physiology and Physiological Regulation Defined
    The Purposes of Modeling
    Some General Properties of PRCs
    Some General Properties of Linear, Time-Varying, and Nonlinear Systems
    Parametric Control
    Chapter Summary
    PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL FACTORS GOVERNING THE BEHAVIOR OF PRCS
    Introduction
    Behavior of Fluidic Systems Under Laminar Flow Conditions
    Diffusion Dynamics and Fick's First Law
    Mass-Action Kinetics in Chemical Systems
    Chapter Summary
    Introduction to SISO Control Systems and Systems with Delays
    Introduction
    Conventional Controllers for Linear Plants with Real Poles
    The Use of Root Locus in Linear Control System Design
    Some Tests for Stability in Linear and Certain Classes of Nonlinear Systems
    Linear Closed-Loop Systems with Delay; Stability Problems
    Chapter Summary
    INTRODUCTION TO COMPARTMENTAL MODELING AND PHARMACOKINETIC SYSTEMS
    Introduction
    Basic Compartmental Analysis
    The Use of Washout Curves and Bolus Inputs to Identify the Parameters of Simple CPK Systems
    Overview of Drug Input controllers
    Chapter Summary
    SPECIAL TYPES OF CLOSED-LOOP DRUG INPUT CONTROLLERS
    Introduction
    Design of ON/OFF, Limit-Cycling Controllers for
    CPK/P Systems
    Nonlinear Decoupling Controllers for Two Input/Two-Output CPK Systems
    Integral Pulse Frequency Modulation (IPFM) Bolus Controllers
    Introduction to Nonlinear, Parameter Switching Controllers
    Chapter Summary
    Hormonal Regulation of Sodium, Potassium, and Calcium Ions
    Introduction
    Implicit Summing Points in Hormonal Regulation
    Introduction to the Physiology of the Kidneys
    The Regulation of Plasma Sodium Ion Concentration and Osmolarity
    Regulation of Plasma Potassium Ions by the Aldosterone System
    Calcium Ion Regulation
    Magnesium Ion Regulation Chapter Summary
    REGULATION OF BLOOD GLUCOSE
    Introduction
    Molecules Important in Normoglycemic Regulation
    The Normal Blood Glucose Regulation System
    A Model for Normal Blood Glucose Regulation
    The Cobelli and Mari Model for Glucoregulation
    Diabetes Mellitus
    Exogenous Glucoregulation: The Artificial Beta Cell
    Chapter Summary
    CONTROL OF MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE BY SODIUM NITROPRUSSIDE INJECTION
    Introduction
    The Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics of Sodium Nitroprusside
    MAP/SNP Controllers Using PI Processing and Smith Delay Compensation
    Adaptive and Self-Tuning Controllers for MAP
    Chapter Summary
    CONTROL OF POST-OPERATIVE PAIN BY SELF-ADMINISTERED OPIOIDS
    Introduction
    The Neurophysiological and Pharmacological Basis for Pain
    The PCA System of Reasbeck and Jacobs
    The PCA Model of Liu and Northrop
    Chapter Summary
    THE HUMAN IMMUNE SYSTEM SEEN FROM A BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING VIEWPOINT
    Introduction
    Immune System Cells
    Antigen Presentation
    Immunocytokines, Their Sources, Effects, and Targets
    Apoptosis in the Immune System
    The Art of Mathematically Modeling Scenarios in the Immune System
    Chapter Summary
    SOME SIMULATION PACKAGES SUITABLE FOR MODELING NONLINEAR SYSTEMS


    Biography

    Robert B. Northrop (University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA) (Author)