1st Edition

Embryology of Flowering Plants: Terminology and Concepts, Vol. 3 Reproductive Systems

Edited By T B Batygina Copyright 2009

    Plant embryology, dealing with the regularities of initiation and the first stages of development of an organism, is now flourishing because of the overall progress being made in natural sciences. Such discoveries of the 20th century as production of plants from a single somatic cell, experimental haploidy, and parasexual hybridization were of general biological significance. The combined efforts of embryologists, geneticists and molecular biologists yielded the discovery of specific genes that control meiosis, egg cell development and early stages of embryogenesis. The tendency to synthesize data of embryology and genetics has become increasingly noticeable. It is connected with the fact that the majority of problems connected with morphogenesis, such as differentiation, specialization, the evaluation of features and the definition of the notionsgene and feature andgenotype and phenotype concern embryology and genetics (embryogenetics) in one way or another. Evolutionary embryology has given rise to a new approach to the study of problems of adaptation in plants. In connection with the problem of preserving biological diversity under conditions of ecological stress, special attention is paid to ecological embryology, revealing the critical periods in early ontogenesis and plasticity and tolerance of reproductive systems at the level of species and population. The study of variability of morphogenesis and phenotype in population (life cycle variations and the diversity of reproductive systems) is the most important point in the population embryology of plants.

    Preface
    Acknowledgements
    Introduction (T.B. Batygina)
    PART ONE-PLANT REPRODUCTION
    Overview
    Reproductive Biology
    (E.S. Teryokhin)
    Ecological Embryology (E.S. Teryokhin)
    Reproduction, Propagation and Renewal (T.B. Batygina)
    Viviparity (T.B. Batygina, E.A. Bragina)
    Metamorphosis (E.S. Teryokhin)
    Life Cycles (G.B. Rodionova)
    PART TWO-POLLINATION AND BREEDING
    Pollination Systems
    Anthecology
    (A.N. Ponomarev, E.I. Demyanova)
    Sexual Polymorphism (A. P. Melikyan)
    Monoecy (E.I. Demyanova)
    Gynodioecy (E.I. Demyanova)
    Heterostyly (N.A. Zhinkina)
    Dichogamy (N.A.
    Zhinkina)
    Population Aspects of Sex Determination
    (N.P. Starshova)
    Modes of Pollen Transfer and Pollinating Agents (N.P. Melikyan)
    Chasmogamy (E.I. Demyanova)
    Cleistogamy (E.I. Demyanova)
    Specific Features of Cleistogamy in Annual Species of Genus Medicago
    L. (Fabaceae)
    (L.V. Novosyelova)
    The Evolution of Wind Pollination (H.P. Linder)
    Breeding Systems
    Autogamy
    (E.I. Demyanova)
    Allogamy (E.I. Demyanova):
    Geitonogamy
    Xenogamy
    Pollen-Ovule Ratios in Different Breeding Systems
    (I.I. Shamrov)
    Stigmatic and Ovular Receptivity — Facts and Hypotheses
    (E. Pacini, G.G. Franchi)
    Pollination Failure in Natural Populations: Implications for the
    Conservation of Rare Plants
    (C.C. Wilcock)
    Significance of Hybridization in the Higher Plant Evolution (N.N. Tzvelev)
    PART THREE-SEED PROPAGATION
    Amphimixis and Apomixis
    Amphimixis (T.B. Batygina)
    Apomixis (T.B. Batygina)
    Apospory
    (T.N. Naumova)
    Diplospory (T.N. Naumova)
    Parthenogenesis (V.S. Tyrnov)
    Apogamety (O.P. Kamelina)
    Classification of Apomixis
    (N.A. Shishkinskaya, O.I. Yudakova)
    Embryo-Endosperm Interrelations in Apomixis (V.S. Tyrnov)
    Ultrastructural Aspects of Apomixis (T.N. Naumova)
    Space and Time Organization of the Megaspore- and
    Megagametophytogenesis in Amphimictic and Apomictic Plants
    (M.A. Gussakovskaya, I.P. Ermakov)
    Experimental Induction of Apomixis in vivo and in vitro (AS. Kashin)
    Applied Aspects of Gametophytic Apomixis
    (V.S. Tyrnov)
    Alchemilla L. (Rosaceae) is a Classical Object for Studying Facultative
    Apomixis
    (K.P. Glazunova)
    The Problem of Evolutionary Significance of Apomixis
    (K.A. Shishkinskaya, V.S. Tyrnov)
    The Evolution of Gametophytic Apomixis (J.G. Carman)
    Seed Propagation
    Seed and Seed Propagation (T.B. Batygina)
    Reproductive Effort (Yu. A. Zlobin)
    Reproductive Success (Yu. A. Zlobin)

    Potential Seed Productivity (Yu. A. Zlobin)
    Real Seed Productivity (Yu. A. Zlobin)
    Seed Productivity in Symphytum L. (Boraginaceae)
    (N.M. Nayda)
    Seed Productivity in Apomicts (A.S. Kashin)
    Aberrant Ovules and Seeds: Structure and Diagnostics (I.I.
    Shamrov)
    Heterospermy (G.M. Anisimova)
    Seed Bank (V.L. Tichonova)
    Fruit (E.S. Teryokhin)
    Heterocarpy (A.P. Melikyan)
    Vegetative Propagation (N.I. Shorina)
    Sarmentation (R.P. Barykina)
    Particulation (R.P. Barykina)
    Bud (N.I. Shorina, O.B. Mikhalevskaya)
    Brood Bud (T.B. Batygina, E.A. Bragina)
    Bulb (M.V. Baranova)
    Bulblet and Bulbil (M.V. Baranova)
    Protocorm (E.V. Andronova, T.B. Batygina, V.E. Vasilyeva)
    Embryoidogeny is a New Type of Vegetative Propagation (T.B. Batygina)
    Phytomer Conception and the Higher Plant Evolution (N.N. Tzvelev)
    PART FIVE-MOLECULAR-GENETIC
    ASPECTS OF REPRODUCTION
    Flower Development Genetics (L.A. Lutova)
    Genetic Analysis of Ovule Development
    (K. Schneitz)
    Gametophytic Mutations (N.Kh. Enaleeva, V.S. Tyrnov)
    Modifiable Variability of Gametophyte (L.P. Lobanova, N.Kh. Enaleeva)
    Plant Embryogenetics (V.S. Tyrnov)
    Genetic Control of Apomixis (O.N. Tikhodeev)
    Genetic Heterogeneity of Seeds. Polyembryony (T.B. Batygina)
    PART SLY-POPULATION AND ECOLOGICAL
    ASPECTS OF REPRODUCTION
    Phytocoenosis
    (V.I. Vasilevich)
    Ecological niche (V.I. Vasilevich)
    Population (V.I. Vasilevich)
    Life form (N.I. Shorina)
    Diaspore (E.A. Bragina, T.B. Batygina)
    Population and Coenotic Regulation of Reproduction (Yu. A. Zlobin)
    Population and Coenotic Aspects of Research on Plant
    Reproduction in Arctic Conditions (E.A. Khodachek)
    Multiplicity of Vegetative Propagation and Expansion in the
    Ranunculaceae
    (R.P. Barykina)
    Ontogenesis in Ferula L. (Apiaceae) (U.A. Rakhmankulov)
    PART SEVEN-EMBRYOLOGICAL BASES OF
    REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES
    Adaptive Possibilities and Reproductive Strategy in Trapaceae

    (G.E. Titova, A.A. Zakharova)
    Reproductive Strategy in Ceratophyllaceae (I.I. Shamrov)
    Reproductive Strategy in Nelumbonaceae (G.E. Titova, V.E. Vasilyeva)
    Seed Propagation and Vegetative Propagation in Vaccinium myrtillus
    L. (Ericaceae) (E.A. Maznaya, G.M. Anisimova)
    Reproductive Strategy of Viviparous Plants (T.B. Batygina, E.A. Bragina)
    Reproductive Strategy of Orchids in Temperate Zone
    (P.V. Kulikov, E.G. Philippov)
    Problems and Perspectives of In Vitro Seed Propagation in Orchids of
    Temperate Zone (E.V. Andronova, P.V. Kulikov, E.V. Philippov,
    V.E. Vasilyeva, T.B. Batygina)
    Action of Herbicides and Other Factors on Embryogenesis of
    Striga hermonthica (Scrophulariaceae) (J. Pare)
    Effects of Environmental Pollution on Plant Reproduction
    (G.M. Anisimova, I.V. Lyanguzova, I.I. Shamrov)
    Bibliography
    Plates
    Index
    Insets: Contributors of the Volume

    Biography

    T B Batygina