3rd Edition

Construction of Marine and Offshore Structures

By Ben C. Gerwick, Jr Copyright 2007
    852 Pages 577 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    For two decades, Ben Gerwick's ability to capture the current state of practice and present it in a straightforward, easily digestible manner has made Construction of Marine and Offshore Structures the reference of choice for modern civil and maritime construction engineers. The third edition of this perennial bestseller continues to be the most modern and authoritative guide in the field. Based on the author's lifetime of experience, the book also incorporates relevant published information from many sources.

    Updated and expanded to reflect new technologies, methods, and materials, the book includes new information on topics such as liquefaction of loose sediments, scour and erosion, archaeological concerns, high-performance steel, ultra-high-performance concrete, steel H piles, and damage from sabotage and terrorism. It features coverage of LNG terminals and offshore wind and wave energy structures. Clearly, concisely, and accessibly, this book steers you away from the pitfalls and toward the successful implementation of principles that can bring your marine and offshore projects to life.

    INTRODUCTION
    General
    Geography
    Ecological Environment
    Legal Jurisdiction
    Offshore Construction Relationships and Sequences
    Typical Marine Structures and Contracts
    Interaction of Design and Construction

    PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF MARINE AND OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION
    General
    Distances and Depths
    Hydrostatic Pressure and Buoyancy
    Temperature
    Seawater and Sea-Air Interface Chemistry
    Currents
    Waves and Swells
    Winds and Storms
    Tides and Storm Surges
    Rain, Snow, Fog, Spray, Atmospheric Icing, and Lightning
    Sea Ice and Icebergs
    Seismicity, Seaquakes, and Tsunamis
    Floods
    Scour
    Siltation and Bed Loads
    Sabotage and Terrorism
    Ship Traffic
    Fire and Smoke
    Accidental Events
    Global Warming

    GEOTECHNICAL ASPECTS: SEAFLOOR AND MARINE SOILS
    General
    Dense Sands
    Liquefaction of Soils
    Calcareous Sands
    Glacial Till and Boulders on Seafloor
    Overconsolidated Silts
    Subsea Permafrost and Clathrates
    Weak Arctic Silts and Clays
    Ice Scour and Pingos
    Methane Gas
    Muds and Clays
    Coral and Similar Biogenic Soils; Cemented Soils, Cap Rock
    Unconsolidated Sands
    Underwater Sand Dunes ("Megadunes")
    Bedrock Outcrops
    Cobbles
    Deep Gravel Deposits
    Seafloor Oozes
    Seafloor Instability and Slumping; Turbidity Currents
    Scour and Erosion
    Concluding Remarks

    ECOLOGICAL AND SOCIETAL IMPACTS OF MARINE CONSTRUCTION
    General
    Oil and Petroleum Products
    Toxic Chemicals
    Contaminated Soils
    Construction Wastes
    Turbidity
    Sediment Transport, Scour, and Erosion
    Air Pollution
    Marine Life: Mammals and Birds, Fish, and Other Biota
    Aquifers
    Noise
    Highway, Rail, Barge, and Air Traffic
    Protection of Existing Structures
    Liquefaction
    Safety of the Public and Third-Party Vessels
    Archaeological Concerns

    MATERIALS AND FABRICATION FOR MARINE STRUCTURES
    General
    Steel Structures for the Marine Environment
    Structural Concrete
    Hybrid Steel-Concrete Structures
    Plastics and Synthetic Materials, Composites
    Titanium
    Rock, Sand, and Asphaltic-Bituminous Materials

    MARINE AND OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT
    General
    Basic Motions in a Seaway
    Buoyancy, Draft, and Freeboard
    Stability
    Damage Control
    Barges
    Crane Barges
    Offshore Derrick Barges (Fully Revolving)
    Semisubmersible Barges
    Jack-Up Construction Barges
    Launch Barges
    Catamaran Barges
    Dredges
    Pipe-Laying Barges
    Supply Boats
    Anchor-Handling Boats
    Towboats
    Drilling Vessels
    Crew Boats
    Floating Concrete Plant
    Tower Cranes
    Specialized Equipment

    MARINE OPERATIONS
    Towing
    Moorings and Anchors
    Handling Heavy Loads at Sea
    Personnel Transfer at Sea
    Underwater Intervention, Diving, Underwater Work Systems, Remote-Operated Vehicles (ROVs), and Manipulators
    Underwater Concreting and Grouting
    Offshore Surveying, Navigation, and Seafloor Surveys
    Temporary Buoyancy Augmentation

    SEAFLOOR MODIFICATIONS AND IMPROVEMENTS
    General
    Controls for Grade and Position
    Seafloor Dredging, Obstruction Removal, and Leveling
    Dredging and Removal of Hard Material and Rock
    Placement of Underwater Fills
    Consolidation and Strengthening of Weak Soils
    Prevention of Liquefaction
    Scour Protection
    Concluding Remarks

    INSTALLATION OF PILES IN MARINE AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURE
    General
    Fabrication of Tubular Steel Piles
    Transportation of Piling
    Installing Piles
    Methods of Increasing Penetration
    Insert Piles
    Anchoring into Rock or Hardpan
    Testing High Capacity Piles
    Steel H Piles
    Enhancing Stiffness and Capacity of Piles
    Prestressed Concrete Cylinder Piles
    Handling and Positioning of Piles for Offshore Terminals
    Drilled and Grouted Piles
    Cast-in-Drilled-Hole Piles, Drilled Shafts
    Other Installation Experience
    Installation in Difficult Soils
    Other Methods of Improving the Capacity of Driven Piles
    Slurry Walls, Secant Walls, and Tangent Walls
    Steel Sheet Piles
    Vibratory Pile Hammers
    Micropiles

    HARBOR, RIVER, AND ESTUARY STRUCTURES
    General
    Harbor Structures
    River Structures
    Foundations for Overwater Bridge Piers
    Submerged Prefabricated Tunnels (Tubes)
    Storm Surge Barriers
    Flow-Control Structures

    COASTAL STRUCTURES
    General
    Ocean Outfalls and Intakes
    Breakwaters
    Offshore Terminals

    OFFSHORE PLATFORMS: STEEL JACKETS AND PIN PILES
    General
    Fabrication of Steel Jackets
    Load-Out, Tie-Down, and Transport
    Removal of Jacket from Transport Barge; Lifting; Launching
    Upending of Jacket
    Installation on the Seafloor
    Pile and Conductor Installation
    Deck Installation
    Examples

    CONCRETE OFFSHORE PLATFORMS: GRAVITY-BASE STRUCTURES
    General
    Stages of Construction
    Alternative Concepts for Construction
    Sub-Base Construction
    Platform Relocation
    Hybrid Concrete-Steel Platforms

    PERMANENTLY FLOATING STRUCTURES
    General
    Fabrication of Concrete Floating Structures
    Concrete Properties of Special Importance to Floating Structures
    Construction and Launching
    Floating Concrete Bridges
    Floating Tunnels
    Semi-Submersibles
    Barges
    Floating Airfields
    Structures for Permanently Floating Service
    Marinas
    Piers for Berthing Large Ships
    Floating Breakwaters
    Mating Afloat

    OTHER APPLICATIONS OF MARINE AND OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY
    General
    Single-Point Moorings
    Articulated Columns
    Seafloor Templates
    Underwater Oil Storage Vessels
    Cable Arrays, Moored Buoys, and Seafloor Deployment
    Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion
    Offshore Export and Import Terminals for Cryogenic Gas-LNG and LPG
    Offshore Wind-Power Foundations
    Wave-Power Structures
    Tidal Power Stations
    Barrier Walls
    Breakwaters

    INSTALLATION OF SUBMARINE PIPELINES
    General
    Conventional S-Lay Barge
    Bottom-Pull Method
    Reel Barge
    Surface Float
    Controlled Underwater Flotation (Controlled Subsurface Float)
    Controlled Above-Bottom Pull
    J-Tube Method from Platform
    J-Lay from Barge
    S-Curve with Collapsible Floats
    Bundled Pipes
    Directional Drilling (Horizontal Drilling)
    Laying Under Ice
    Protection of Pipelines: Burial and Covering with Rock
    Support of Pipelines
    Cryogenic Pipelines for LNG and LPG

    PLASTIC AND COMPOSITE PIPELINES AND CABLES
    Submarine Pipelines of Composite Materials and Plastics
    Cable Laying

    TOPSIDE INSTALLATION
    General
    Module Erection
    Hookup
    Giant Modules and Transfer of Complete Deck
    Float-Over Deck Structures

    REPAIRS TO MARINE STRUCTURES
    General
    Principles Governing Repairs
    Repairs to Steel Structures
    Repairs to Corroded Steel Members
    Repairs to Concrete Structures
    Repairs to Foundations
    Fire Damage
    Pipeline Repairs

    STRENGTHENING EXISTING STRUCTURES
    General
    Strengthening of Offshore Platforms, Terminals, Members and Assemblies
    Increasing Capacity of Existing Piles for Axial Loads
    Increasing Lateral Capacity of Piles and Structures in Soil-Structure Interaction
    Penetrations Through Concrete Walls
    Seismic Retrofit

    REMOVAL AND SALVAGE
    Removal of Offshore Platforms
    Removal of Piled Structures (Terminals, Trestles, Shallow-Water Platforms)
    Removal of Pile-Supported Steel Platforms
    Removal of Concrete Gravity: Base Offshore Platforms
    New Developments in Salvage Techniques
    Removal of Harbor Structures
    Removal of Coastal Structures

    CONSTRUCTIBILITY
    General
    Construction Stages for Offshore Structures
    Principles of Constructibility
    Facilities and Methods for Fabrication
    Launching
    Assembly and Jointing Afloat
    Material Selection and Procedures
    Construction Procedures
    Access
    Tolerances
    Survey Control
    Quality Control and Assurance
    Safety
    Control of Construction: Feedback and Modification
    Contingency Planning
    Manuals
    On-Site Instruction Sheets
    Risk and Reliability Evaluation

    CONSTRUCTION IN THE DEEP SEA
    General
    Considerations and Phenomena for Deep-Sea Operations
    Techniques for Deep-Sea Construction
    Properties of Materials for the Deep Sea
    Platforms in the Deep Sea: Compliant Structures
    Tension-Leg Platforms (TLP's)
    SPARS
    Ship-Shaped FPSOs
    Deep-Water Moorings
    Construction Operations on the Deep Seafloor
    Deep-Water Pipe Laying
    Seafloor Well Completions
    Deep-Water Bridge Piers

    ARCTIC MARINE STRUCTURES
    General
    Sea Ice and Icebergs
    Atmospheric Conditions
    Arctic Seafloor and Geotechnics
    Oceanographic
    Ecological Considerations
    Logistics and Operations
    Earthwork in the Arctic Offshore
    Ice Structures
    Steel and Concrete Structures for the Arctic
    Deployment of Structures in the Arctic
    Installation at Site
    Ice Condition Surveys and Ice Management
    Durability
    Constructibility
    Pipeline Installation
    Current Arctic Developments

    REFERENCES
    INDEX

    Biography

    Ben C. Gerwick Jr.

    "It is well written in a way that clearly explains the techniques and projects being described in a manner that makes for an interesting as well as educational reading."

    – Books-On-Line, June 2007