1st Edition

Computational Analysis and Design of Bridge Structures

By Chung C. Fu, Shuqing Wang Copyright 2015
    631 Pages 405 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    632 Pages 405 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    Gain Confidence in Modeling Techniques Used for Complicated Bridge Structures

    Bridge structures vary considerably in form, size, complexity, and importance. The methods for their computational analysis and design range from approximate to refined analyses, and rapidly improving computer technology has made the more refined and complex methods of analyses more commonplace. The key methods of analysis and related modeling techniques are set out, mainly for highway bridges, but also with some information on railway bridges. Special topics such as strut-and-tie modeling, linear and nonlinear buckling analysis, redundancy analysis, integral bridges, dynamic/earthquake analysis, and bridge geometry are also covered. The material is largely code independent. The book is written for students, especially at MSc level, and for practicing professionals in bridge design offices and bridge design authorities worldwide.

    Effectively Analyze Structures Using Simple Mathematical Models

    Divided into three parts and comprised of 18 chapters, this text:

    • Covers the methods of computational analysis and design suitable for bridge structures
    • Provides information on the methods of analysis and related modeling techniques suitable for the design and evaluation of various types of bridges
    • Presents material on a wide range of bridge structural types and is fairly code independent

    Computational Analysis and Design of Bridge Structures covers the general aspects of bridges, bridge behavior and the modeling of bridges, and special topics on bridges. This text explores the physical meanings behind modeling, and reveals how bridge structures can be analyzed using mathematical models.

    Part I

    General

    Introduction

    History of bridges

    Bridge types and design process

    Loads and load factors

    Current development of analysis and design of bridges

    Outlook on analysis and design of bridges

    Approximate and refined analysis methods

    Introduction

    Various bridge structural forms

    Approximate analysis methods

    Plane frame analysis method

    Refined analysis methods

    Different types of bridges with their selected mathematical modeling

    Numerical methods in bridge structure analysis

    Introduction

    Finite element method

    Automatic time incremental creep analysis method

    Influence line/surface live loading method

    Part II

    Bridge behavior and modeling

    Reinforced concrete bridges

    Introduction

    Concrete and steel material properties

    Behavior of nonskewed/skewed concrete beam–slab bridges

    Principle and modeling of concrete beam–slab bridges

    2D and 3D illustrated examples: Three-span continuous skewed concrete slab bridges

    2D and 3D illustrated examples: RC T-beam bridge

    3D illustrated examples: Skewed simple-span transversely post-tensioned adjacent precast-concrete slab bridges—Knoxville Bridge, Frederick, Maryland

    Prestressed/post-tensioned concrete bridges

    Prestressing basics

    Principle and modeling of prestressing

    2D illustrated example of a prototype prestressed/post-tensioned concrete bridge in the United States

    3D illustrated example of a double-cell post-tensioning concrete bridge—Verzasca 2 bridge, Switzerland

    3D illustrated example of US23043 precast prestressed concrete beam bridge—Maryland

    Illustrated example of a three-span prestressed box-girder bridge

    Illustrated example of long-span concrete cantilever bridges—Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China

    Curved concrete bridges

    Basics of curved concrete bridges

    Principle and modeling of curved concrete bridges

    Spine model illustrated examples of Pengpo Interchange, Henan, People’s Republic of China

    Grillage model illustrated examples—FHWA Bridge No. 4 185

    3D finite element model illustrated examples—NCHRP case study bridge

    Straight and curved steel I-girder bridges

    Behavior of steel I-girder bridges

    Principle and modeling of steel I-girder bridges

    2D and 3D illustrated example of a haunched steel I-girder bridge—MD140 Bridge, Maryland

    2D and 3D illustrated example of a curved steel I-girder bridge—Rock Creek Trail Pedestrian Bridge, Maryland

    2D and 3D illustrated example of a skewed and kinked steel I-girder bridge with straddle bent

    2D and 3D illustrated example of a global and local modeling of a simple-span steel I-girder bridge—I-270 Middlebrook Road Bridge, Germantown, Maryland

    Straight and curved steel box girder bridges

    Behavior of steel box girder bridges

    Principle and modeling of steel box girder bridges

    2D and 3D illustrated examples of a straight box girder bridge

    2D and 3D illustrated examples of a curved box girder bridge—Metro bridge over I495, Washington, DC

    2D and 3D illustrated examples of three-span curved box girder bridge—Estero Parkway Bridge, Lee County, Florida

    Arch bridges

    Introduction

    Construction of arch bridges

    Principle and analysis of arch bridges

    Modeling of arch bridges

    3D illustrated example of construction analyses—Yajisha Bridge, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China

    3D illustrated example of a proposed tied-arch bridge analyses—Linyi, People’s Republic of China

    3D illustrated example of an arch bridge—Liujiang Yellow River Bridge, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China

    Steel truss bridges

    Introduction

    Behavior of steel truss bridges

    Principle and modeling of steel truss bridges

    3D illustrated example—Pedestrian pony truss bridge

    2D illustrated example—Tydings Bridge, Maryland

    3D illustrated example—Francis Scott Key Bridge, Maryland

    3D illustrated examples—Shang Xin Bridge, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China

    Cable-stayed bridges

    Basics of cable-stayed bridges

    Behavior of cable-stayed bridges

    Construction control

    Principle and modeling of cable-stayed bridges

    Illustrated example of Sutong Bridge, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China

    Illustrated example with dynamic mode analysis of Panyu Bridge, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China

    Illustrated example with dynamic mode analysis of long cables with crossties

    Suspension bridges

    Basics of suspension bridges

    Construction of suspension bridges

    Behavior of suspension bridges

    Principle and modeling of suspension bridges

    3D illustrated example of Chesapeake Bay Suspension Bridge, Maryland

    Part III

    Special topics of bridges

    Strut-and-tie modeling

    Principle of strut-and-tie model

    Hand-calculation example of STM

    2D illustrated example 1—Abutment on pile

    2D illustrated example 2—Walled pier

    2D illustrated example 3—Crane beam

    2D/3D illustrated example 4—Hammerhead Pier of Thomas Jefferson Bridge

    2D illustrated example 5—Integral bent cap

    Alternate compatibility STM and 2D illustrated example 6—Cracked deep bent cap

    Stability

    Basics of structural stability

    Buckling

    FEM approach of stability analysis

    3D illustrated example with linear buckling analysis of a pony truss, Pennsylvania

    3D illustrated example with linear buckling analysis of a standard simple arch rib

    3D illustrated example with linear buckling analysis of a proposed tied-arch bridge—Linyi, People’s Republic of China

    3D illustrated example with nonlinear stability analysis of a cable-stayed bridge, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China

    Redundancy analysis

    Basics of bridge redundancy

    Principle and modeling of bridge redundancy analysis

    3D example with redundancy analysis of a pony truss, Pennsylvania

    3D redundancy analysis under blast loading of a PC beam bridge, Maryland

    3D analysis under blast loading of a steel plate girder bridge, Maryland

    Integral bridges

    Basics of integral bridges

    Principle and analysis of IABs

    Modeling of IABs

    Illustrated example of a steel girder bridge in soil spring finite element model

    Illustrated example of a steel girder bridge in 3D soil continuum finite element model

    Dynamic/earthquake analysis

    Basics of dynamic analysis

    Principle of bridge dynamic analysis

    Modeling of bridge for dynamic analysis

    3D illustrated example of earthquake analysis by SPA, MPA, and NL-THA—FHWA Bridge No. 4536

    3D illustrated example of a high-pier bridge subjected to oblique incidence seismic waves—Pingtang bridge, People’s Republic of China

    Bridge geometry

    Introduction

    Roadway curves

    Curve calculations

    Curve and surface tessellation

    Bridge deck point calculations

    Precast segmental bridge geometry control

    Trend of bridge computer modeling and visualization

    References

    Index

    Biography

    Chung C. Fu, PhD, PE, FASCE, is research professor and bridge consultant, and director of the Bridge Engineering Software and Technology (BEST) Center at the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland. His publications include 50 referred publications, 20 publications, more than 100 presentations and conference proceedings, and 50 public technical reports. His areas of expertise cover all types of structural engineering, bridge engineering, earthquake engineering, computer application in structures, finite element analysis, ultra high-performance concrete, steel and composite applications, including fiber-reinforced polymer and high-performance steel for innovative bridge research and construction, bridge management, testing (material and structural), and nondestructive evaluation applications.

    Shuqing Wang, PhD, PE, is a senior GIS specialist on contract with the Federal Highway Administration; research fellow/bridge consultant in bridge software development and structural analysis at the BEST Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland; and former director of the Bridge CAD Division at the Department of Bridge Engineering, Tongji University, People’s Republic of China. His areas of expertise span from leading-edge software technologies to bridge engineering practices, especially modern bridge modeling and structural analysis system development. His research interests now focus on visualizing structural behavior in real time and representing bridge geometric and mechanics models in three dimensions.

    "With the increasing complexity of bridges today, bridge engineers require more contemporary references on the topic of bridge analysis. This book provides a great desktop reference for the entry-level to the seasoned bridge engineer. The authors have provided a great balance in theory and application to cover the spectrum of bridge types we design, rehabilitate, preserve, and repair in the industry today. The analysis of bridges continues to evolve to meet the complexity of today’s bridges - this book will serve as a vital tool to bridge engineers challenged with implementing a more refined analysis."
    —Shane R. Beabes, PE, AECOM, District Chief Engineer – Bridges, Associate Vice President Chair - AASHTO / NSBA Joint Collaboration Committee

    "Modern bridge design has evolved, along with the technology of computers, exponentially in our time. The expertise offered by these authors in this book will be invaluable to anyone interested in learning modern bridge design thru computer modeling. All of the available options for computer modeling are discussed along with their pros and cons, and are demonstrated with examples and powerful graphics. …The application of today's computer technology to the art of bridge design can be a big challenge. This book lays out the available options and their limitations, for the use of computer modeling in designing virtually all types of bridge components, structure types and span lengths."
    —William J. Moreau, P.E., New York State Bridge Authority, USA