1st Edition
Commerce and Community Ecologies of Social Cooperation
Since the end of the Cold War, the human face of economics has gained renewed visibility and generated new conversations among economists and other social theorists. The monistic, mechanical "economic systems" that characterized the capitalism vs. socialism debates of the mid-twentieth century have given way to pluralistic ecologies of economic provisioning in which complexly constituted agents cooperate via heterogeneous forms of production and exchange. Through the lenses of multiple disciplines, this book examines how this pluralistic turn in economic thinking bears upon the venerable social–theoretical division of cooperative activity into separate spheres of impersonal Gesellschaft (commerce) and ethically thick Gemeinschaft (community).
Drawing resources from diverse disciplinary and philosophical traditions, these essays offer fresh, critical appraisals of the Gemeinschaft / Gesellschaft segregation of face-to-face community from impersonal commerce. Some authors issue urgent calls to transcend this dualism, whilst others propose to recast it in more nuanced ways or affirm the importance of treating impersonal and personal cooperation as ethically, epistemically, and economically separate worlds. Yet even in their disagreements, our contributors paint the process of voluntary cooperation – the space commerce and community – with uncommon color and nuance by traversing the boundaries that once separated the thin sociality of economics (as science of commerce) from the thick sociality of sociology and anthropology (as sciences of community).
This book facilitates critical exchange among economists, philosophers, sociologists, anthropologists, and other social theorists by exploring the overlapping notions of cooperation, rationality, identity, reciprocity, trust, and exchange that emerge from multiple analytic traditions within and across their respective disciplines.
I. Social Cooperation 1. The Evolution of Human Cooperation Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis 2. The Theory of Social Cooperation Historically and Robustly Contemplated Peter J. Boettke and Daniel J. Smith 3. Commerce and Beneficence: Adam Smith’s Unfinished Project Robert F. Garnett, Jr. 4. Comment: Entering the "Great School of Self-Command": The Moralizing Influence of Markets, Language and Imagination Sandra J. Peart II. Identity and Association 5. Commerce, Reciprocity and Civil Virtues: The Contribution of the Civil Economy Luigino Bruni 6. What Does True Individualism Really Involve? Overcoming Market-Philanthropy Dualism in Hayekian Social Theory Paul Lewis 7. Methodological Individualism and Invisible Hands: Richard Cornuelle’s Call to Understand Associations Steven Grosby 8. Comment: Don’t Forget the Barter in "Truck, Barter And Exchange"! Shaun P. Hargeaves Heap III. Human(e) Economics 9. Between Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft: The Stories We Tell Emily Chamlee-Wright and Virgil Henry Storr 10. Community, the Market and the State: Insights from German Neoliberalism Samuel Gregg 11. Bourgeois Love Deirdre McCloskey 12. Comment: Behind the Veil of Interest Laurent Dobuzinskis IV. Entangled Spheres 13. How is Community Made? Colin Danby 14. Commerce, Community, and Digital Gifts David Elder-Vass 15. Classical Liberalism and the Firm: A Troubled Relationship David Ellerman 16. Comment: Exploring the Liminal Spaces between Commerce and Community Martha A. Starr V. Not by Commerce Alone 17. Reciprocity, Calculation, and Non-Monetary Exchange Steven Horwitz 18. Kidneys, Commerce, and Communities Neera Badhwar 19. Banks and Trust in Adam Smith Maria Pia Paganelli 20. Comment: Bankers, Vampires, and Organ Sellers: Who Can You Trust? John Thrasher and David Schmidt ENVOI The Apologia of Mercurius Frederick Turner
Biography
Robert F. Garnett, Jr. is Professor of Economics at Texas Christian University, USA.
Paul Lewis is Reader in Economics and Public Policy at King’s College London, UK.
Lenore T. Ealy is President of The Philanthropic Enterprise, USA.
This work is vitally necessary. These essays broaden and deepen our understanding of human nature, the nature of human social institutions, and of the effects of markets on human well-being. They deserve, and repay, serious attention.
James R. Otteson, Wake Forest University, USA.
This is a profound collection, addressing the relative and interacting roles of community and market in society. The authors, from various disciplines and perspectives, are unified in trying to see the inter-relations between community and market. The results of their research provide us with new and promising frameworks that could transform the study of economy and society.
Mario Rizzo, New York University, USA.
This important collection of essays represents a milestone in breaking down the separation between market-based forms of coordination principally associated with economics, and communal modes of cooperation principally associated with sociology and anthropology. The contributions provide a fascinating window into the many ways in which the commercial and the communal intertwine and in many cases presuppose one another.
Jochen Runde, Cambridge University, UK.
