1st Edition

Collective Redress and EU Competition Law

By Eda Şahin Copyright 2019
    248 Pages
    by Routledge

    248 Pages
    by Routledge

    Exploring obstacles to effective compensation of victims of competition infringements, this book categorises the types of victims harmed and the types of losses arisen from these infringements to identify to what extent there is a need for enhanced private competition law enforcement in the European Union (EU) and the best way to address this need. It shows that there is a genuine need for facilitating consumer damages actions and that consumer claims are the only claims that can be pursued in a collective redress action. In order to compensate consumers and overcome barriers to effective enforcement of their right to damages, it structures a collective redress action for consumers by considering the following elements: i. the formation of the group, ii. the type of representative party iii. funding mechanisms and iv. calculation and distribution of damages.

    Table of Contents

    Preface

    Acknowledgements

    List of Abbreviations

    Table of Cases

    Table of Legislation

    CHAPTER 1

    INTRODUCTION

    I. Background *

    1. Paucity of Actions for Damages for Competition Infringements

    2. The Need for Collective Redress in Competition Law Enforcement

    3. Reflection on the Term ‘Collective Redress’

    II. Issues relating to the Design of a Collective Redress Action

    1. Judicial v Non-Judicial Means of Collective Redress

    2. Elements of Collective Redress Actions

    III. Methodology

    IV. Structure

    CHAPTER 2

    THE NOTION OF AND NEED FOR COLLECTIVE REDRESS ACTIONS

    I. Introduction

    II. The Concept and Function of Collective Redress Procedures

    1. A Short Summary of Evolution and Policy Rationale

    2. The Purpose of the Procedure

    III. Setting the Scene for EU Collective Redress Actions

    1. The Recognition and Exercise of the Right to Damages

    2. The Need for Collective Redress Actions for Consumers

    2.1. Barriers to the Effective Compensation of Consumers

    2.2. Inadequacy of Existing Aggregation Mechanisms

    3. The Role of Collective Redress Actions

    IV. Concluding Remarks

    CHAPTER 3

    COMMISSION INITIATIVES ON COLLECTIVE REDRESS ACTIONS

    I. Introduction

    II. Two Distinct Initiatives in Competition and Consumer Law

    1. Commission Efforts in Competition Law

    1.1. The Green Paper

    1.2. The White Paper

    1.3. Withdrawn Directive in 2009 *

    2. Commission Efforts in Consumer Law

    III. Combining the Two: A Horizontal Approach toward Collective Redress Actions

    1. Overview of the Reasons leading to Horizontal Approach

    2. The Proposals Under the Horizontal Approach

    2.1. Public Consultation

    2.2. Recommendation and Communication

    3. Impact of the Horizontal Approach on Collective Redress

    IV. Distinctive Approach toward Collective Redress Actions

    1. Potential Shortcomings of the Horizontal Approach

    2. The Case for a Distinctive Competition Law Approach

    V. Concluding Remarks

    CHAPTER 4

    OBJECTIVES OF COLLECTIVE REDRESS ACTIONS IN EU COMPETITION ENFORCEMENT

    I. Introduction

    II. Determining the Objectives and Their Significance

    III. Objectives of Actions for Damages

    1. The Approach of the EU Courts

    2. The Approach of the Commission

    IV. Compensation and Deterrence Objectives for Collective Redress Actions

    1. The Unique Competition Law Enforcement Goal and its Implications for Collective Redress Actions

    2. Objectives of Collective Redress Actions

    2.1. The Compensatory Objective

    2.2. The Deterrence Objective

    3. Collective Redress Actions for Consumers: Do the Objectives Pursued Differ?

    V. Concluding Remarks

    CHAPTER 5

    CONSUMER DAMAGES CLAIMS IN EU COMPETITION CASES

    I. Introduction

    II. Damages Caused by Competition Infringements

    1. The Types of Competition Infringements

    2. The Types of Harm Resulting from Competition Infringements

    3. Potential Damages of Competition Infringements

    III. The Overcharge as a Measure of Damages in Consumer Cases *

    1. Overcharge in Collusion Cases

    1.1. Practices Giving Rise to Overcharge

    1.2. Case Studies

    1.2.1. Case Study 1

    1.2.2. Case Study 2

    2. Overcharge in Abuse of Dominance Cases

    2.1. Practices Giving Rise to Overcharge

    2.2. Case Studies

    2.2.1. Case Study 1

    2.2.2. Case Study 2

    IV. The Ways in Which Consumers are Harmed

    1. Direct Consumers

    2. Indirect Consumers

    3. Deadweight Loss Consumers

    4. Umbrella Consumers

    V. Concluding Remarks

    CHAPTER 6

    GROUPING COLLECTIVE CLAIMS: OPT-IN v OPT-OUT

    I. Introduction

    II. Establishing the Group Membership

    1. Opt-In Actions

    2. Mandatory Actions

    3. Opt-Out Actions

    3.1. The Functioning of Opt-Out Actions

    3.2. The Role of Notice

    3.3. The Compensation Objective and Opt-Out Actions

    3.3.1. Participation Rates

    3.3.2. Take-Up Rates

    4. The Proposed Approach

    4.1. Reflections

    4.2. Assessing the Criticisms

    4.2.1. Overview of the Criticisms

    4.2.2. The Merits of the Criticisms

    III. Grouping the Claims

    1. The Ways in Which the Group is Defined

    2. Two Necessary Elements of Group Definition

    3. Towards an Adequate Group Definition: What Matters?

    3.1. The Type of Loss

    3.2. The Type of Plaintiff

    4. The Proposed Approach: Grouping Consumer Claims

    IV. Concluding Remarks

    CHAPTER 7

    DESIGNING COLLECTIVE REDRESS ACTIONS: REPRESENTATIVE PARTY AND FUNDING RULES

    I. Introduction

    II. Determining the Representative Party

    1. Lead Plaintiff

    2. Ideological Claimant

    III. Funding

    1. Liability for Costs

    2. Possible Options for Funding

    3. Contingency Fees as One of the Options

    4. The Proposed Approach

    IV. Concluding Remarks

    CHAPTER 8

    CALCULATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF DAMAGES IN COLLECTIVE ACTIONS FOR CONSUMERS

    I. Introduction

    II. Possible Ways of Awarding Damages to a Group

    1. Aggregate versus Individual Damages Assessment

    2. Aggregate Damages Assessment and the Compensation Objective

    III. Calculation of Damages to Consumers

    IV. Allocation of Damages

    1. Distribution of Damages to Group Members

    2. Possible Alternatives for Undistributed Damages and the Proposed Approach

    V. Concluding Remarks

    CHAPTER 9

    CONCLUSIONS

    Bibliography

    index

    Biography

    Dr. Eda Sahin is a lecturer at EU School of Law. She was awarded a Doctorate in Law at Queen Mary, University of London. She holds an LLM in Competition Law and Policy from the University of East Anglia. Her LLM thesis examined the passing-on defence in competition law in the EU, US and Turkey. She holds business administration and law degrees from the University of Istanbul, Turkey. Eda was admitted to Istanbul Bar in 2007. She is also the editor of the Global Antitrust Review which is published annually by the Interdisciplinary Centre for Competition Law and Policy, Queen Mary, University of London. After graduation, she returned to Turkey, and started working as a lecturer in law at a public university in Turkey in order to serve her compulsory work in return for the Ministry of National Education’s scholarship she received to pursue her doctorate in the UK. In her current position as a lecturer, she is responsible for teaching Law of Obligations and Property Law at the undergraduate level and UK Contract Law and Family Law at the postgraduate level.