1022 Pages 311 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    Following in the footsteps of previous highly successful and useful editions, Biological Wastewater Treatment, Third Edition presents the theoretical principles and design procedures for biochemical operations used in wastewater treatment processes. It reflects important changes and advancements in the field, such as a revised treatment of the microbiology and kinetics of nutrient removal and an update of the simulation of biological phosphorous removal with a more contemporary model.

    See what’s new in the Third Edition:

    • A chapter devoted to the description and simulation of anaerobic bioreactors
    • Coverage of applications of submerged attached growth bioreactors
    • Expanded discussion of modeling attached growth systems
    • Increased information on the fate and effects of trace contaminants as they relate to xenobiotic organic chemicals
    • A chapter on applying biochemical unit operations to design systems for greater sustainability

    The book describes named biochemical operations in terms of treatment objectives, biochemical environment, and reactor configuration; introduces the format and notation used throughout the text; and presents the basic stoichiometry and kinetics of microbial reactions that are key to quantitative descriptions of biochemical operations. It then examines the stoichiometry and kinetics used to investigate the theoretical performance of biological reactors containing microorganisms suspended in the wastewater. The authors apply this theory to the operations introduced, taking care to highlight the practical constraints that ensure system functionality in the real world.

    The authors focus on further biochemical operations in which microorganisms grow attached to solid surfaces, adding complexity to the analysis, even though the operations are often simpler in application. They conclude with a look to the future, introducing the fate and effects of xenobiotic and trace contaminants in wastewater treatment systems and examining how the application of biochemical operations can lead to a more sustainable world.

    Introduction and Background
    Classification of Biochemical Operations
    The Role of Biochemical Operations
    Criteria for Classification
    Common “Named” Biochemical Operations
    Key Points
    Study Questions
    References

    Fundamentals of Biochemical Operations
    Overview of Biochemical Operations
    Major Types of Microorganisms and Their Roles
    Microbial Ecosystems in Biochemical Operations
    Important Processes in Biochemical Operations
    Key Points
    Study Questions
    References

    Stoichiometry and Kinetics of Aerobic/Anoxic Biochemical Operations
    Stoichiometry and Generalized Reaction Rate
    Biomass Growth and Substrate Utilization
    Soluble Microbial Product Formation
    Solubilization of Particulate and High Molecular Weight Organic Matter
    Ammonification and Ammonia Utilization
    Phosphorus Uptake and Release
    Simplified Stoichiometry and Its Use
    Effects of Temperature
    Key Points
    Study Questions
    References

    Theory: Modeling of Ideal Suspended Growth Reactors
    Modeling Suspended Growth Systems
    Modeling Microbial Systems
    Mass Balance Equation
    Reactor Types
    Modeling Nonideal Reactors
    Key Points
    Study Questions
    References

    Aerobic Growth of Heterotrophs in a Single Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor Receiving Soluble Substrate
    Basic Model for a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor
    Extensions of the Basic Model
    Effects of Kinetic Parameters
    Biomass Wastage and Recycle
    Key Points
    Study Questions
    References

    Multiple Microbial Activities in a Single Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor
    International Water Association Activated Sludge Models
    Effect of Particulate Substrate
    Nitrification and Its Impacts
    Denitrification and Its Impacts
    Multiple Events
    Key Points
    Study Questions
    References

    Multiple Microbial Activities in Complex Systems
    Modeling Complex Systems
    Conventional and High Purity Oxygen Activated Sludge
    Step Feed Activated Sludge
    Contact Stabilization Activated Sludge
    Modified Ludzack–Ettinger Process
    Four-Stage Bardenpho Process
    Biological Phosphorus Removal Process
    Sequencing Batch Reactor
    Key Points
    Study Questions
    References

    Stoichiometry, Kinetics, and Simulations of Anaerobic Biochemical Operations
    Stoichiometry of Anaerobic Biochemical Operations
    Kinetics of Anaerobic Biochemical Operations
    Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1
    Key Points
    Study Questions
    References

    Techniques for Evaluating Kinetic and Stoichiometric Parameters
    Treatability Studies
    Simple Soluble Substrate Model with Traditional Decay as Presented in Chapter 5
    Simple Soluble Substrate Model with Traditional Decay in the Absence of Data on the Active Fraction
    Use of Batch Reactors to Determine Monod Kinetic Parameters for Single Substrates
    Complex Substrate Model with Lysis:Regrowth Approach to Decay as Presented in Chapter 6 (International Water Association Activated Sludge Model No. 1)
    Using Traditional Measurements to Approximate Wastewater Characteristics for Modeling
    Key Points
    Study Questions
    References

    Applications: Suspended Growth Reactors
    Design and Evaluation of Suspended Growth Processes
    Guiding Principles
    Iterative Nature of Process Design and Evaluation
    Basic Decisions during Design and Evaluation
    Levels of Design and Evaluation
    Key Points
    Study Questions
    References

    Activated Sludge
    Process Description
    Factors Affecting Performance
    Process Design
    Process Operation
    Key Points
    Study Questions
    References

    Biological Nutrient Removal
    Process Description
    Process Design
    Process Operation
    Key Points
    Study Questions
    References

    Aerobic Digestion
    Process Description
    Factors Affecting Performance
    Process Design
    Process Operation
    Study Questions
    References

    Anaerobic Processes
    Process Description
    Factors Affecting Performance
    Process Design
    Key Points
    Study Questions
    References

    Lagoons
    Process Description
    Factors Affecting Performance
    Process Design
    Process Operation
    Key Points
    Study Questions
    References

    Theory: Modeling of Ideal Attached Growth Reactors
    Biofilm Modeling
    Effects of Transport Limitations
    Effects of Multiple Limiting Nutrients
    Multispecies Biofilms
    Multidimensional Mathematical Models of Biofilms
    Key Points
    Study Questions
    References

    Biofilm Reactors
    Packed Towers
    Rotating Disc Reactors
    Key Points
    Study Questions
    References

    Fluidized Bed Biological Reactors
    Description of Fluidized Bed Biological Reactor
    Fluidization
    Modeling Fluidized Bed Biological Reactors
    Theoretical Performance of Fluidized Bed Biological Reactors
    Sizing a Fluidized Bed Biological Reactor
    Key Points
    Study Questions
    References

    Applications: Attached Growth Reactors
    Trickling Filter
    Process Description
    Factors Affecting Performance
    Process Design
    Process Operation
    Key Points
    Study Questions
    References

    Rotating Biological Contactor
    Process Description
    Factors Affecting Performance
    Process Design
    Process Operation
    Key Points
    Study Questions
    References

    Submerged Attached Growth Bioreactors
    Process Description
    Factors Affecting Performance
    Process Design
    Process Operation
    Key Points
    Study Questions
    References

    Future Challenges
    Fate and Effects of Xenobiotic Organic Chemicals
    Biodegradation
    Abiotic Removal Mechanisms
    Relative Importance of Biotic and Abiotic Removal
    Effects of Xenobiotic Organic Chemicals
    Experience with Xenobiotic Organic Chemicals
    Key Points
    Study Questions
    References

    Designing Systems for Sustainability
    Defining Sustainability
    Technologies to Achieve Greater Water Resource Availability
    Technologies to Achieve Lower Energy and Chemical Consumption
    Technologies to Achieve Resource Recovery
    Closing Comments
    Study Questions
    References

    Appendix A: Acronyms
    Appendix B: Symbols
    Appendix C: Unit Conversions
    Index

    Biography

    C. P. Leslie Grady Jr., Glen T. Daigger, Nancy G. Love, Carlos D. M. Filipe