1st Edition

Antimicrobial/Anti-Infective Materials Principles and Applications

Edited By Samuel P. Sawan, Gurusamy Manivannan Copyright 2000

    As our consciousness of microbes increases, it appears that our desire to control our interactions with germs also increases in proportion. This is clearly demonstrated by examining the incredible growth in the number and sales volume of consumer products with antimicrobial claims. In the medical field as well, there is much interest in the use of antimicrobial/anti-infective materials for medical devices and general healthcare applications.

    Antimicrobial/Anti-Infective Materials: Principles, Applications and Devices represents the best current research and practice on ways to reduce infection caused by devices inserted into the human body. This volume presents important recent developments in the research, development, and applications of anti-infective materials for use in medical devices. It includes 15 in-depth reports by more than 40 leading specialists in biomaterials and medical devices that cover a wide range of important advances in various materials and applications. These include improved coatings and surface modifications techniques, improved materials designed for inherent infection resistance, and applications in the areas of cardiac, orthopedic, ENT, and vascular devices.

    This book serves the information needs of all those involved in the research, development, design, and selection of biomaterials and medical devices. It will benefit anyone who designs, uses, and monitors anti-infective materials, as well as those who develop and apply products made from these materials.

    PERSPECTIVES ON INFECTIOUS DISEASE CHALLENGES AND ANTIMICROBIAL ANSWERS
    Antimicrobials
    Mode of Action and Interaction
    Host-Parasite Relationship
    Infectious Disease Challenges
    Foodborne Diseases and Related Issues
    Antimicrobial Drug Resistance and Related Issues
    Rational Use of Antimicrobials
    Device-Related Infections

    INFECTIONS OF INTRACARDIAC DEVICES
    Cardiac Pacemakers
    Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators
    Left Ventricular Assist Devices
    Prosthetic Cardiac Valves

    INFECTIONS IN ORTHOPAEDICS
    Osteomyelitis: Definition, Classification, and Relationship to Orthopaedic Devices
    Etiology and Establishment of Infections on Orthopaedic Devices
    Conventional Diagnostic and Treatment Regimens for Osteomyelitis
    Alternative Approaches to Infection Treatment and Prophylaxis
    Implant Surfaces That Are Passive and/or Anti-Adhesive
    Regulatory Issues

    PHYSIOCHEMICAL BASIS OF BACTERIAL ADHESION TO BIOMATERIAL SURFACES
    Bacterial Adhesion as a Dynamic Process
    Properties and Structure of Bacterial Cell Surfaces
    Non-Specific Adhesion Mechanisms
    Specific Adhesion Mechanisms
    Other Factors Affecting Adhesion

    ALBUMIN AFFINITY COATINGS MAY PREVENT FOREIGN-BODY INFECTIONS
    Foreign-Body Infections
    Protein Adsorption
    Blood Coagulation
    Fibronolysis
    Platelet Adhesion
    Microbial Adhesion
    Medical-Device Coatings

    IMMOBILIZED BIOCIDES AS AN ALTERNATIVE STRATEGY FOR CONTROL OF MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION
    Synthesis of the Immobilized Peptide Systems
    Biological Activity
    Chemical and Physical Stability
    Discussion and Implications

    ANTI-INFECTIVE COATINGS REDUCE DEVICE-RELATED INFECTIONS
    Biology on the Surfaces of Indwelling Devices
    Anti-Infective Medical Devices by Surface Treatment o Further Research

    REDUCED IMPLANT-RELATED INFECTIOUS COMPLICATIONS BY SURFACE MODIFICATION PROVIDING CONTROLLED ANTIMICROBIAL RELEASE
    Surface Modification for Controlled Gentamicin Release
    Animal Studies-Safety and Efficacy Testing

    A CHEMICALLY INTELLIGENT INFECTION-RESISTANT COATING
    Anti-Infective Coating Exhibiting Chemical Intelligence
    Mechanism of Action
    Coating Stability
    Bacterial Grow Through Resistance in Coated Microporous Membranes
    Efficacy Against Biofilms

    MERGING OF BIOMEDICAL AND TEXTILE TECHNOLOGIES IN ORDER TO CREATE INFECTION-RESISTANT PROSTHETIC VASCULAR GRAFTS
    Infection of Prosthetic Vascular Grafts
    Efforts to Combat Graft Infection
    Textile Dyes Versus Antibiotics: Structural and Chemical Similarities
    Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics
    Interaction of Fibers and Small Molecules
    Application of Fluoroquinolones to Polyester via Pad/Heat Dyeing

    ASEPTIC APPROACHES AND NOVEL ANTIMICROBIAL CATHETERS FOR PREVENTION OF INFECTION OF VASCULAR CATHETERS
    Aseptic Approaches
    Novel Anti-Infective Catheters

    ANTI-INFECTIVE DEVICES IN OTOLARYNGOLOGY: CURRENT APPLICATIONS AND FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES
    Otology: Trans-Tympanic Ventilation Tubes
    Present Examples of Anti-Infective Ventilation Tubes
    Laryngology: Airway Management Devices and Voice Protheses
    Rhinology: Nasal Packing, Sinus Stents, and Nasal Septal Buttons

    LABORATORY METHODS FOR ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING: INDICATIONS FOR SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING
    Susceptibility Test Methods
    Special Susceptibility Tests
    Selection and Reporting of Antimicrobial Agents
    Emerging Resistance Problems

    TOWARD DOLLAR DEVICES FOR MEASURING METABOLIC BIOCHEMISTRY
    A "Simpler" Approach to Bioluminescence-Based Analysis
    The ATP Platform
    Substrate Specific Sensors
    Multi-Analyte Panels
    Samples
    Other Technologies

    SISYPHUS IN THE MICROBIAL WORLD: ANTIMICROBIAL STRATEGIES AND HUMANITY'S HEALTH
    Role of Science and Technology in Epidemiological Shifts in Human History
    Multidimensional Antimicrobial Strategies: Coping with the Global Threat of Antimicrobial Resistance
    Antimicrobial Strategies Through the Lens of the Law
    Science, Antimicrobial Strategies, and Future Plagues
    Index

    Biography

    Samuel P. Sawan, Gurusamy Manivannan

    This is a book that deserves a place on the bookshelf of any pharmaceutical scientist working on the development of solid dosage forms.
    Pharmaceutical Research, vol. 18, no. 9, September 2001