1st Edition
Animal By-Product Processing & Utilization
540 Pages
by
CRC Press
544 Pages
by
CRC Press
Also available as eBook on:
This new edition of a well-respected reference brings together, in one place, information on the entire field of animal by-products processing and utilization. The book's contents cover both edible and non-edible products, by-products of seafood and poultry in addition to red meat, medicinal and pharmaceutical processing and utilization of animal by-products, and animal product waste disposal, processing, reduction and utilization. Particular attention has been paid to new products for the rendering industry, and to concerns over new animal diseases, which might well be transferred by feeding low-temperature rendered products to animals.
Preface
Introduction and History of Processing of Animal By-Products
Introduction * History * Quantities of By-Products * References
Edible Meat By-Products
Introduction * Liver * Heart * Tongue * Kidney * Sweetbreads * Tripe * Brains * Oxtail * Stock * Meat Extract * Trimmings * Pork Jowl * Pig Tail * Pigs' Feet * Jellied Products * Haggis * Intestines * Testicles * Pork Skins * Blood * Spleen * Poultry Giblets * References
Rendering
Products of Rendering * Uses of Rendered Material * Rendering Systems * Comparison of Rendering Methods * References
Hide and Skin By-Products
Introduction * Trade in Hides and Leather * Classification * Hide Composition * Hide Curing * Curing * Fleshing * Trimming * Sorting * Storage and Shipment * Tanning * Soaking * Unhairing * Deliming * Bating * Pickling * Tanning * Wringing or Setting * Splitting and Shaving * Retanning * Dyeing or Coloring * Fatliqoring * Setting Out * Drying * Conditioning * Staking * Buffing * Finishing * Platining * Area Measurement * Physical Properties of Leather * Tanning Effluent * Tannery Waste * Summary * References
Glue and Gelatine
Introduction * Raw Materials * Manufacturing of Glue and Gelatine * Alkaline Procedure (Type B Gelatine) * Acid Precursor (Type A Gelatine) * Ossein Production from Bones * Gelatine and Glue from Chrome Tanned Leather By-Products * Extraction of Other Material for Glue * Uses of Gelatine or Glue * Physical Properties * Waste from Gelatine and Glue Production * References
Edible Tissue from Bone
Introduction * Mechanical Separation or Deboning Machines * Yield of Deboned Meat * Chemical Composition * Microbiological Quality * Oxidation * Emulsion Properties * Uses of Mechanically Deboned Meat * Other Bone Extraction Procedures * Inedible Uses of Bones * References
Medical and Pharmaceutical Uses of By-Products
Animal Glands * Adrenal (Suprarenal Capsules) * Arteries * Bezoars * Blood * Bone Cartilage * Brain * Duodenum * Eggshell Powder * Feather * Gallbladder * Glycosaminoglycans * Hair * Heart * Horns * Hypothalmus * Intestines * Liver * Lungs * Miniature Hogs * Nervous System * Ovaries * Oyster Shell * Pancreas * Parathyroids * Pineal * Pituitary * Protein Concentrate * Seminal Vesicles * Serum * Skin * Spinal Cord * Spleen * Stomach * Testes * Thymus * Thyroid * Trachea * Wool * References
Sausage Containers
Introduction * Removing the Viscera * Casing Equipment * Stuffing and Packing of Casings * Production of Lamb Casing * Hog Bung * Hog Stomach * Blind End of Caecum * Bladder * Beef Bung * Weasand * Chitterling * Other Uses for Intestinal Products * Mucosa * Yield and Storage * Quality Control * Collagen Casing * Casing Failure * References
Blood Utilization
Introduction * Specific Utilization of Blood * General Properties of Blood Fractions in Food * Blood Serum for Laboratory Use * Blood Albumin * Red Blood Cell Paste * Spray-Dried Blood * Blood Meal * Feeding of Whole Blood * Pickled or Acidified Blood * Co-Processing of Blood and Paunch Manure * Blood Char * Blood Foam Compounds * Nutritional Aspects * References
Pet or Exotic Animal Food
History * Pet Population * Quantity of Pet Food Required * Processing of Pet Food * Subdivision of Pet Foods into Categories * Types of Pet Food * Palatability Enhancers * Nutrient Requirements * Pet Food Labels * Rough Fish for Mink Feed * Mink Feed from Poultry By-Products * Dry Mink Feed * Porpoise, Dolphin, and Seal Food * Fish Tank Feeding Gel * Poultry By-product Use * Frozen Fish Use * Clam Waste * Dried Blood in Pet Food * Summary * References
Seafood By-products
Introduction * Surimi ("Formed Fish") * Fish Protein Concentrate * Fish Meal and Oil Production * Hydrolysis of Fish Protein * Cannery Waste * Processing of Fish Stickwater * Animal Feeds * Fish Silage * Fish Oils * Fish Liver Preservation * Fish Gelatine * Fish Glue * Leather from Fish Skins * Chitin and Chitosan * Pearl Essence * Use of Shells * Fertilizer from Fish * References
Poultry By-Products
Poultry * Feathers and Down * Eggshells * Blood Meal * Mixed Poultry By-product Meal * Inedible Eggs * Hatchery Waste * Poultry Grease * Poultry Oil * Laboratory Uses of Eggs * Manufacturing Uses of Eggs * References
Animal Processing Waste Disposal, Reduction and Utilization
Meat-Processing Waste Characterization * Meat-Packing Waste Treatment * Land Application or Refeeding of Animal Processing Waste * Refeeding * Animal Processing Pollution Reduction * Summary * Appendix: Example Problem for Land Application of Animal Processing Waste * References
Index
Introduction and History of Processing of Animal By-Products
Introduction * History * Quantities of By-Products * References
Edible Meat By-Products
Introduction * Liver * Heart * Tongue * Kidney * Sweetbreads * Tripe * Brains * Oxtail * Stock * Meat Extract * Trimmings * Pork Jowl * Pig Tail * Pigs' Feet * Jellied Products * Haggis * Intestines * Testicles * Pork Skins * Blood * Spleen * Poultry Giblets * References
Rendering
Products of Rendering * Uses of Rendered Material * Rendering Systems * Comparison of Rendering Methods * References
Hide and Skin By-Products
Introduction * Trade in Hides and Leather * Classification * Hide Composition * Hide Curing * Curing * Fleshing * Trimming * Sorting * Storage and Shipment * Tanning * Soaking * Unhairing * Deliming * Bating * Pickling * Tanning * Wringing or Setting * Splitting and Shaving * Retanning * Dyeing or Coloring * Fatliqoring * Setting Out * Drying * Conditioning * Staking * Buffing * Finishing * Platining * Area Measurement * Physical Properties of Leather * Tanning Effluent * Tannery Waste * Summary * References
Glue and Gelatine
Introduction * Raw Materials * Manufacturing of Glue and Gelatine * Alkaline Procedure (Type B Gelatine) * Acid Precursor (Type A Gelatine) * Ossein Production from Bones * Gelatine and Glue from Chrome Tanned Leather By-Products * Extraction of Other Material for Glue * Uses of Gelatine or Glue * Physical Properties * Waste from Gelatine and Glue Production * References
Edible Tissue from Bone
Introduction * Mechanical Separation or Deboning Machines * Yield of Deboned Meat * Chemical Composition * Microbiological Quality * Oxidation * Emulsion Properties * Uses of Mechanically Deboned Meat * Other Bone Extraction Procedures * Inedible Uses of Bones * References
Medical and Pharmaceutical Uses of By-Products
Animal Glands * Adrenal (Suprarenal Capsules) * Arteries * Bezoars * Blood * Bone Cartilage * Brain * Duodenum * Eggshell Powder * Feather * Gallbladder * Glycosaminoglycans * Hair * Heart * Horns * Hypothalmus * Intestines * Liver * Lungs * Miniature Hogs * Nervous System * Ovaries * Oyster Shell * Pancreas * Parathyroids * Pineal * Pituitary * Protein Concentrate * Seminal Vesicles * Serum * Skin * Spinal Cord * Spleen * Stomach * Testes * Thymus * Thyroid * Trachea * Wool * References
Sausage Containers
Introduction * Removing the Viscera * Casing Equipment * Stuffing and Packing of Casings * Production of Lamb Casing * Hog Bung * Hog Stomach * Blind End of Caecum * Bladder * Beef Bung * Weasand * Chitterling * Other Uses for Intestinal Products * Mucosa * Yield and Storage * Quality Control * Collagen Casing * Casing Failure * References
Blood Utilization
Introduction * Specific Utilization of Blood * General Properties of Blood Fractions in Food * Blood Serum for Laboratory Use * Blood Albumin * Red Blood Cell Paste * Spray-Dried Blood * Blood Meal * Feeding of Whole Blood * Pickled or Acidified Blood * Co-Processing of Blood and Paunch Manure * Blood Char * Blood Foam Compounds * Nutritional Aspects * References
Pet or Exotic Animal Food
History * Pet Population * Quantity of Pet Food Required * Processing of Pet Food * Subdivision of Pet Foods into Categories * Types of Pet Food * Palatability Enhancers * Nutrient Requirements * Pet Food Labels * Rough Fish for Mink Feed * Mink Feed from Poultry By-Products * Dry Mink Feed * Porpoise, Dolphin, and Seal Food * Fish Tank Feeding Gel * Poultry By-product Use * Frozen Fish Use * Clam Waste * Dried Blood in Pet Food * Summary * References
Seafood By-products
Introduction * Surimi ("Formed Fish") * Fish Protein Concentrate * Fish Meal and Oil Production * Hydrolysis of Fish Protein * Cannery Waste * Processing of Fish Stickwater * Animal Feeds * Fish Silage * Fish Oils * Fish Liver Preservation * Fish Gelatine * Fish Glue * Leather from Fish Skins * Chitin and Chitosan * Pearl Essence * Use of Shells * Fertilizer from Fish * References
Poultry By-Products
Poultry * Feathers and Down * Eggshells * Blood Meal * Mixed Poultry By-product Meal * Inedible Eggs * Hatchery Waste * Poultry Grease * Poultry Oil * Laboratory Uses of Eggs * Manufacturing Uses of Eggs * References
Animal Processing Waste Disposal, Reduction and Utilization
Meat-Processing Waste Characterization * Meat-Packing Waste Treatment * Land Application or Refeeding of Animal Processing Waste * Refeeding * Animal Processing Pollution Reduction * Summary * Appendix: Example Problem for Land Application of Animal Processing Waste * References
Index
Biography
Herbert W. Ockerman, Conly L. Hansen
