1st Edition

An Introduction to Numerical Weather Prediction Techniques

    An Introduction to Numerical Weather Prediction Techniques is unique in the meteorological field as it presents for the first time theories and software of complex dynamical and physical processes required for numerical modeling. It was first prepared as a manual for the training of the World Meteorological Organization's programs at a similar level. This new book updates these exercises and also includes the latest data sets.
    This book covers important aspects of numerical weather prediction techniques required at an introductory level. These techniques, ranging from simple one-dimensional space derivative to complex numerical models, are first described in theory and for most cases supported by fully tested computational software. The text discusses the fundamental physical parameterizations needed in numerical weather models, such as cumulus convection, radiative transfers, and surface energy fluxes calculations.
    The book gives the user all the necessary elements to build a numerical model. An Introduction to Numerical Weather Prediction Techniques is rich in illustrations, especially tables showing outputs from each individual algorithm presented. Selected figures using actual meteorological data are also used.
    This book is primarily intended for senior-level undergraduates and first-year graduate students in meteorology. It is also excellent for individual scientists who wish to use the book for self-study. Scientists dealing with geophysical data analysis or predictive models will find this book filled with useful techniques and data-processing algorithms.

    Introduction
    Finite Differences
    Finite Difference Formulation
    First Derivative
    Second Derivative
    The Laplacian Operator
    The Jacobian Operator
    Time Differencing
    Calculation of Vertical Motion
    Vertical Velocity from Irregularly Spaced Wind Data
    Vertical Velocity from Regularly Spaced Wind Data
    Vertical Velocity from the Quasi-Geostrophic Omega Equation
    Multilevel Non-Linear Balance Omega Equation
    Numerical Algorithms
    Estimation of Streamfunctions, Velocity Potential, and Geopotential Height from the Wind Field
    Relaxation Method
    Fourier Transform Method
    Geopotential Height from the Wind Field
    Objective Analysis
    Panofsky's Method, Polynomial Approach
    Cressman's Method, Successive Corrections Technique
    Barnes' Objective Analysis Scheme
    Optimum Interpolation Technique
    Basic Physical Concepts
    Conversion of Moisture Variables
    Determination of the Lifting Condensation Level (LCL)
    Moist Adiabatic Profile
    Convective Adjustment
    A Simple Cloud Model
    Cumulus Convection and Large Scale Condensation
    Cumulus Convection
    Arakawa-Schubert Cumulus Parameterization Scheme
    Large Scale Condensation
    Planetary Boundary Layer
    Bulk Aerodynamic Calculation over Ocean and Land
    Roughness Parameter
    Surface Fluxes from Similarity Theory
    Height of the Boundary Layer in an Unstable Situation
    Height of the Boundary Layer in a Stable Situation
    Vertical Distribution of Fluxes
    Radiative Transfers
    Longwave Radiation
    Shortwave Radiation
    Cloud Specification
    Radiative Heat Balance at the Earth's Surface
    The Code
    The Barotropic Model
    Dynamics of the Barotropic Model
    Properties of Barotropic Flow
    Barotropic Energy Exchange
    Model Structure and Boundary Conditions
    Treatment of the Advective Terms and Time Differencing Scheme
    Initial Conditions
    Description of the Code
    The Single Level Primitive Equations Model
    Dynamic of the Single Level Primitive Equations Model
    Properties of the Single Level Primitive Equations Model
    Model Structure and Boundary Conditions
    Treatment of the Advective Terms and Time Differencing Scheme
    Computation of the Forcing Functions
    Initialization of the Single Level Primitive Equations Model
    Data Sets for Numerical Weather Prediction
    Rainfall Distribution from Outgoing Longwave Radiation
    SSM/I Based Rain Rates, Wind Speed, and Total Precipitable Water
    Normalized Difference Vegetation Index
    Fractional Cloud Cover
    Model Output Diagnostics
    Energy and Energy Transformation Terms
    On the Computation of the 4-Dimensional Trajectories
    References
    List of Subroutines
    Index

    Biography

    T. N. Krishnamurti, Lahouari Bounoua