8th Edition

An Introduction to Geological Structures and Maps

    184 Pages
    by Routledge

    184 Pages
    by Routledge

    An Introduction to Geological Structures and Maps is a concise and accessible textbook providing simple structural terminology and map problems which introduce geological structures. It is a perfect introduction to mapping for students of geology, engineering geology and civil engineering.

    Each topic is explained and illustrated by figures, and exercises follow on successive maps. If students are unable to complete an exercise, they can read on to obtain more specific instructions on how theory may be used to solve the problem. An appendix at the end of the book provides the solutions.

    This new, eighth edition contains simplified introductory matter to make the subject as easy to grasp as possible. Colour photographs illustrating geological structures bring the subject to life and a new map from the British Geological Survey illustrates a real area. There is more on outcrop patterns, which will help students to think in 3D, and on structures and the relationship of topography to geological structure. Cliff sections have been added to reinforce the concept of apparent dip. The section on planetary geology has been more closely tied to igneous geology to aid understanding of the connection between the two. Finally, a new map on economic geology has been added for the benefit of engineering students.

    A geological glossary helps students to understand and memorise key terms and a new, colourful, text design enlivens the appearance of this popular book.

    List of Plates
    Preface to the current edition
    Preface to previous editions
    Key to maps
    Chapter 1 Strata - the ground rules
    Chapter 2 Horizontal strata
          Contours
          Horizontal and vertical strata in the landscape
          Geological maps
    Chapter 3 Dipping strata
          Structure contours (strike lines)
          Construction of structure contours
          True and apparent dip
          Calculation of the thickness of a bed
          Width of outcrop
          Inliers and outliers
          Exercises using geological survey maps
    Chapter 4 Three-point problems
          Construction of structure contours
          Depth in boreholes
          Insertion of outcrops
    Chapter 5 Unconformities
          Overstep
          Overlap
          Sub-unconformity outcrops
          Exercises using geological maps
    Chapter 6 Folding
          Anticlines and synclines
          Asymmetrical folds
          Way-up criteria
          Similar and concentric folding
          Two possible directions of strike
          Exercise on published geological survey map
    Chapter 7 Map solution without structure contours 1
    Chapter 8 Faults
          Normal and reversed faults
          The effects of faulting on outcrops
          Classification of faults
          Calculation of the throw of a fault
          Faults and economic calculations
          Wrench or tear faults
          Pre- and post-unconformity faulting
          Structural inliers and outliers
          Posthumous faulting
          Isopachytes
          Exercises on published geological survey maps
    Chapter 9 Map solution without structure contours 2
    Chapter 10 More folds and faulted folds
          Plunging folds
          Calculation of the amount of plunge
          The effects of faulting on fold structures
          Displacement of folds by strike-slip (wrench) faults
          Calculation of strike-slip displacement
          Faults parallel to the limbs of a fold
          Sub-surface structures
          Posthumous folding
          Polyphase folding
          Bed isopachytes
          Exercises on geological survey maps
    Chapter 11 Igneous and impact features
          Pyroclastic rocks
          Concordant intrusions
          Disordant intrusions
          Impact features
          Exercise on geological survey map
          Impact features
    Chapter 12 Economic problems
    Chapter 13 Complex structures
          Nappes
          Thrust faults
          Axial plane cleavage
          Description of a geological map
          The geological history of Map 45
          Exercise on geological survey map
    Appendix
    Glossary
    Index

    Biography

    Dr George M. Bennison, Chartered Geologist, formerly Senior Lecturer in Geology, University of Birmingham, UK
    Dr Paul A. Olver, Chartered Geologist, formerly Lifelong Learning Development Officer, Herefordshire Council, UK
    Dr Keith A. Moseley, Head of Physics and Geology, Monmouth School, UK

    An Introduction to Geological Structures and Maps 'has been a friend to me as an undergraduate and also during the 32 years I have been teaching geology to Civil Engineering undergraduates. I have seen how it has changed over the years. None of these revisions have been as significant and as exciting as those in this 8th edition. The new chapter on strata is an excellent addition as is the new enhanced chapter on igneous and impact features. The most striking feature however, is the inclusion of colour photographs of geological features and structures. These really bring the book alive. The new map problems and exercises are excellent. It is great to see a colour extract of a published BGS map being included. I recommend this book to both students and teachers'.


    Dr. Marcus C. Matthews, Senior Lecturer in Geotechnical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, UK

    'An Introduction to Geological Structure and Maps has been a prescribed textbook in our department for more than two decades and many a student has started their geological career as an undergraduate student working through "Bennison maps". The new eighth edition proves to be a major improvement on previous editions, with the addition of a more theoretical background on certain geological structures and concepts, backed up by some excellent diagrams and photo illustrations.... The section on igneous and impact features has been expanded quite a lot, [and] I find the additional pictures and background information very helpful. Chapter 12 on economic problems will be very helpful, too....This textbook will be a very valuable resource and teaching tool to undergraduate students and will remain a compulsory prescribed textbook in our department for many years to come'.


    Gideon Brunsdon, Geology Lecturer, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa

    An Introduction to Geological Structures and Maps is a testament to its ability to remain relevant to students.... concise and accessible....I welcome this "old friend" in its revitalized form'. 


    ESTA


    ' book that... will give you a thorough understanding of geological maps and enable you to "read" a geology map and visualise the subsurface structure for yourself.'


    Open University Geological Studies Journal 32:1-2