A Primer in Fluid MechanicsDynamics of Flows in One Space Dimension

Fluid Properties - Kinetic Theory of Gases
Introduction
The Macroscopic View of Matter
The Liquid State
On the Kinetic Theory of Gases
Mass Density
Pressure in a Gas
The Molecular Mean-Free-Path Length
Relation between Viscosity and Mean-Free-Path Length
On Heat Conduction
On the Units of Viscosity
On the Viscosity of Real Gases
Heat Conduction Coefficient for Dilute Gases
On the Viscosity of Liquids
Availability and Future Sources of Fluid Property Data
Fluid Statics
Introduction
Equilibrium and Pressure in a Fluid
Classification of Forces
The Fundamental Equation of Fluid Statics
Equation of Fluid Statics for a Uniform Gravitational Field
Pressure-Height Relation in a Liquid
Elementary Pressure-Measuring Instruments
An Application in Manometry
Forces and Moments on Submerged Surfaces
Applications Involving Forces and Moments on Curved Surfaces
Forces on Submerged Bodies
The Concept of Static Stability
Application: Stability of a Buoy
On the Stability of a Floating Parabolic Segment
Fluid Statics of the Atmosphere
US Standard Atmosphere
Concept of Geopotential Height
Stability of the Atmosphere
Buoyancy in the Atmosphere
Application of the Inverse Square Law of Gravitation: Pressure at the Center of the Earth
Surface Tension
The Equation of Fluid Mechanics
Introduction
Concepts from Kinematics
Relating Observed Motion for Two Different Observers
Kinematics in a Flow Field
Time Derivatives and the Substantial Derivative
Illustrative Examples
Example Involving Other Time Derivatives
Concept of a One-Dimensional Flow
The Postulates of Fluid Dynamics
The Continuity Equation
Invariance of Continuity Equation under Change of Observer
The Dynamical Equation of Motion
On Newton's Second Law
On Concepts from Thermodynamics
The First Law of Thermodynamics
The Second Law of Thermodynamics
The Energy Equation
Dissipation and the Role of Friction
Wok and the Integrated Form of the Energy Equation
The Linear Momentum Equation
Summary
Applications in Constant-Density Flow
Introduction
A Catalogue of Restrictions
The Equations of Incompressible (Constant-Density) Flow
Bernoulli's Equation
Total Pressure
Frictionless Flow out of a Pressurized Reservoir
On Quasi-Steady Flow
Flow Losses in Internal Inlets
Elementary Flow Metering Devices
Two Flow-Rate Examples
Pitot and Pitot-Static Tubes
Elementary Applications of the Momentum Equation
The Borda-Carnot Relation for a Sudden Enlargement
The Borda Mouthpiece
Forces on Vanes, Power Production
The Rocket-Sled Water Brake
The Water Sprinkler Problem
Dimensional Analysis, Dynamical Similitude and Inspectional Analysis
Dimensions versus Units
Standards in Science and Technology
Complete Physical Equations and Dimensional Homogeneity
A Primitive Example of Dimensional Homogeneity
The Role of Dimensionless Parameters
The Buckingham Pi Theorem
Application of the Pi Theorem
Alternative Method for Determining the Pi-Ratios
Example Where the Number of Pi-Ratios Is Greater than M-N
Kinematical and Dynamical Similarity
On the Physical Significance of the Reynolds Number
Inspectional Analysis
Dynamical Similarity and Modeling
A Dimensional Analysis and an Inspectional Analysis Compared to the Complete Solution
Effects of Viscosity in Pipes and Conduits
A Historical Note
The Experiments of Hagen and Poiseuille on Flow through Capillary Tubes
Stokes' Solution for Hagen-Poiseuille Flow
On the Correlation of Theory and Experiment
The Darcy-Weisbach Equation for Head Loss in a Pipe
Reynolds' Experiments on the Nature of Turbulence and the Discovery of a Criterion for the Transition from Laminar to Turbulent Flow
The Application of Dimensional Analysis to Pipe Flow
Zagarola and the Superpipe
Flow in Artificially Roughened Pipes
Flow Losses in Commercial Pipes
Pumping Power to Maintain a Pipe Flow
Computation of Power Required in a Non-Uniform Duct
Hydraulic Calculations for Simple Conduits and Flow Loops
Steady Flow through an Elastic Tube
Steady Compressible Flow
Introductory Remarks
Thermodynamics of Fluids
The Equations of Steady One-Dimensional Flow
On the Propagation of Disturbances
The Speed of Sound
On the Maximum Speed of a Fluid Expanding into a Vacuum
Discrepancies between Theory and Experiment
Total Conditions in a Compressible Flow - Introduction to Mach Number
Application - Temperature Rise at the Nose of a Re-Entry Vehicle
Necessary Conditions for Accelerating a Flow in an Ideal Nozzle
Isentropic Flow through a de Laval Nozzle
The Appearance of Shock Waves in a Convergent-Divergent Nozzle
Normal Shock Waves
On the Structure of Shock Waves
Analysis of Flow through a de Laval Nozzle with Shock Waves
Fanno Processes
Isothermal Flow
The Inflow Problem
Non-Steady Flow
Introduction
Analysis of Starting Flow in a Pipe Supplied by an Infinite Reservoir
Non-Steady Liquid Flow through an Orifice in a Reservoir
The Draining of a Conical Reservoir
On the Notion of Characteristics
Theory of Hyperbolic Equations for Functions of Two Independent Variables
The General Equations for One-Dimensional Non-Steady Gas Flow in a Constant-Area Duct
Impulsive Motion of a Piston in a Duct
Propagation of an Isentropic Finite-Amplitude Compression Pulse
An Approach to Acoustics

Biography

William B. Brower Jr.

"Unique...Meticulously accurate...The author gives a refreshingly original discussion."
- Ronald L. Panton, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Texas at Austin